Role of Macrophages and Mast Cells as Key Players in the Maintenance of Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Homeostasis and Disease

Mischopoulou, Magdalini; D’Ambrosio, Mario; Bigagli, Elisabetta; Luceri, Cristina; Farrugia, Gianrico; Cipriani, Gianluca

doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.02.017

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Fibrosis can modulate tissue permeability for signaling factors and can be the result of several pathways such as ones involving mast cells [26,27], particularly due to the proximity between TCs and mast cells [28]. The involvement of mast cells in gastrointestinal smooth muscle homeostasis in both physiological and pathological processes [26] suggests that our proposed functional model is just one of the multiple signaling pathways which influence each other.…”

Section: The Proposed Functional Model Of Tcs Signalingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Telocytes’ Role in Modulating Gut Motility Function and Development: Medical Hypotheses and Literature Review

Banciu

Crețoiu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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This review article explores the telocytes’ roles in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), presenting the mechanisms and hypotheses related to epithelial regeneration, progressive fibrosis, and dysmotility as a consequence of TCs’ reduced or absent number. Based on the presented mechanisms and hypotheses, we aim to provide a functional model to illustrate TCs’ possible roles in the normal and pathological functioning of the digestive tract. TCs are influenced by the compression of nearby blood vessels and the degree of fibrosis of the surrounding tissues and mediate these processes in response. The changes in intestinal tube vascularization induced by the movement of the food bowl, and the consequent pH changes that show an anisotropy in the thickness of the intestinal tube wall, have led to the identification of a pattern of intestinal tube development based on telocytes’ ability to communicate and modulate surrounding cell functions. In the construction of the theoretical model, given the predictable occurrence of colic in the infant, the two-layer arrangement of the nerve plexuses associated with the intestinal tube was considered to be incompletely adapted to the motility required with a diversified diet. There is resulting evidence of possible therapeutic targets for diseases associated with changes in local nerve tissue development.

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Section: The Proposed Functional Model Of Tcs Signalingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Telocytes’ Role in Modulating Gut Motility Function and Development: Medical Hypotheses and Literature Review

Banciu

Crețoiu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“… 58 More recent studies have explored neuro-immune interaction between muscularis macrophages and ICCs, enteric neurons, smooth muscle, fibroblast-like, and enteric glial cells. 59 This results in an imbalance in neuro-immune interactions that may sustain low-grade inflammation and abnormal colonic motility in many different gastrointestinal diseases. 36 , 45 , 55 , 56 , 58 , 59 …”

Section: Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“… 59 This results in an imbalance in neuro-immune interactions that may sustain low-grade inflammation and abnormal colonic motility in many different gastrointestinal diseases. 36 , 45 , 55 , 56 , 58 , 59 …”

Section: Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…have explored neuro-immune interaction between muscularis macrophages and ICCs, enteric neurons, smooth muscle, fibroblast-like, and enteric glial cells. 59 This results in an imbalance in neuro-immune interactions that may sustain lowgrade inflammation and abnormal colonic motility in many different gastrointestinal diseases. 36,45,55,56,58,59 Although not completely clarified, SUDD's pathogenesis seems to be related to an interaction between fecal microbiota alterations, neuro-immune enteric interaction, and muscular system dysfunction associated with a lowgrade inflammation state.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease (SUDD): Practical Guidance and Challenges for Clinical Management

Calini¹,

Aziz²,

Paolini³

et al. 2023

CEG

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Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease (SUDD) is a syndrome within the diverticular disease spectrum, characterized by local abdominal pain with bowel movement changes but without systemic inflammation. This narrative review reports current knowledge, delivers practical guidance, and reveals challenges for the clinical management of SUDD. A broad and common consensus on the definition of SUDD is still needed. However, it is mainly considered a chronic condition that impairs quality of life (QoL) and is characterized by persistent left lower quadrant abdominal pain with bowel movement changes (eg, diarrhea) and low-grade inflammation (eg, elevated calprotectin) but without systemic inflammation. Age, genetic predisposition, obesity, physical inactivity, low-fiber diet, and smoking are considered risk factors. The pathogenesis of SUDD is not entirely clarified. It seems to result from an interaction between fecal microbiota alterations, neuro-immune enteric interactions, and muscular system dysfunction associated with a low-grade and local inflammatory state. At diagnosis, it is essential to assess baseline clinical and Quality of Life (QoL) scores to evaluate treatment efficacy and, ideally, to enroll patients in cohort studies, clinical trials, or registries. SUDD treatments aim to improve symptoms and QoL, prevent recurrence, and avoid disease progression and complications. An overall healthy lifestyle – physical activity and a high-fiber diet, with a focus on whole grains, fruits, and vegetables – is encouraged. Probiotics could effectively reduce symptoms in patients with SUDD, but their utility is missing adequate evidence. Using Rifaximin plus fiber and Mesalazine offers potential in controlling symptoms in patients with SUDD and might prevent acute diverticulitis. Surgery could be considered in patients with medical treatment failure and persistently impaired QoL. Still, studies with well-defined diagnostic criteria for SUDD that evaluate the safety, QoL, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of these interventions using standard scores and comparable outcomes are needed.

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“…Except for a population of resident macrophages, which can sustain their numbers by cell division instead of recruiting monocytes ( Mischopoulou et al, 2022 ), most intestinal macrophages rely on the continuous replenishment of monocytes that extravasate into GI tissue in a CCR2-dependent way ( Bain et al, 2013 ; Bain et al, 2014 ), and this is also the case during POI. These CCR2-dependent monocyte-derived macrophages help restore GI function after gut manipulation ( Farro et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Immune Cells In Postoperative Ileusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying postoperative paralytic ileus by various immune cell types

et al. 2022

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Postoperative ileus (POI) is a well-known complication following gut manipulation or surgical trauma, leading to an impaired gut motility and prolonged postoperative recovery time. Few current therapeutic strategies can prevent POI, and this disorder remains to be a major clinical challenge for patients undergoing surgery. Comprehensive understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of POI stimulates the discovery of more promising targets for treatment. POI is closely associated with a series of inflammatory events within the bowel wall, and as key components of inflammatory mechanisms, different types of immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes, play significant roles during the development of POI. A variety of immune cells are recruited into the manipulation sites after surgery, contributing to early inflammatory events or impaired gut motility. Our review intends to summarize the specific relationship between different immune cells and POI, mainly focusing on the relevant mechanisms underlying this disorder.

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Role of Macrophages and Mast Cells as Key Players in the Maintenance of Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Homeostasis and Disease

Cited by 17 publications

References 130 publications

Telocytes’ Role in Modulating Gut Motility Function and Development: Medical Hypotheses and Literature Review

Telocytes’ Role in Modulating Gut Motility Function and Development: Medical Hypotheses and Literature Review

Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease (SUDD): Practical Guidance and Challenges for Clinical Management

Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying postoperative paralytic ileus by various immune cell types

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