Role of matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of childhood gastroenteritis

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases, such as rotavirus gastroenteritis (GE). Kinetics of these biomarkers were examined in paired serum samples collected from bacterial enteritis patients with Campylobacter (n = 2) and Salmonella (n = 4) and viral GE patients with rotavirus (n = 27), norovirus (n = 25), and adenovirus (n = 11). At the time of hospital admission, all viral GE patients demonstrated increased MMP-9 and decreased MMP-2 and TIMP-2 serum levels. In contrast to viral GE patients, serum MMP-9 levels were not elevated at the time of hospital admission but elevated at the time of discharge; serum MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels were decreased both at the time of admission and discharge in bacterial enteritis patients. Interestingly, the kinetics of serum MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-2 levels were similar among the viral GE patients but distinct from bacterial enteritis patients. Thus, the involvement of MMPs and TIMPs in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal symptoms likely varies depending on the etiological agent. Further studies are required to verify whether the extent of the bacterial enteritis or age of the patients influences these serum biomarkers. J. Med. Virol. 88:1341-1346, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Relationship between myocardial enzyme levels, hepatic function and metabolic acidosis in children with rotavirus infection diarrhea

“…11 According to research findings, rotavirus that causes intestinal infection can also be located to extraintestinal tissues (e.g., heart, liver and central nervous system) by virtue of RNA reverse transcriptase (RT) to cause viral infections of associated tissues; in severe cases, tissue damage may also be incurred. [12][13][14][15] The function of the intestinal mucosal barrier in infants is poor. The virus can enter the lymph circulation and blood circulation of the body through the intestinal mucosal barrier, which causes infection of extraintestinal organs and immaturity of intestinal immune function in infants.…”

Enhanced Systemic Response of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Regulators in Campylobacter and Salmonella Patients

“…As Campylobacter infections are concerned, the data are scarce but some experimental studies have suggested MMPs, such as MMP-9, to have a role in campylobacteriosis in mice [22,23]. In a study on childhood gastroenteritis, two Campylobacter and four Salmonella patients were included and showed elevated serum concentrations of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 as compared to healthy controls [24]. Here, we could show enhanced systemic response of MMP-8 and MMP-9 as well as of their regulators MPO, HNE and TIMP-1 in both Campylobacter and Salmonella patients.…”