Role of micro-Ca/In alloying in tailoring the microstructural characteristics and discharge performance of dilute Mg-Bi-Sn-based alloys as anodes for Mg-air batteries

Shangguan, Fei-er; Cheng, Weili; Chen, Yuhang; Cui, Zeqin; Yu, Hui; Wang, Hongxia; Wang, Lifei; Li, Hang; Hou, Hua

doi:10.1016/j.jma.2022.06.002

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…43 The α-Mg matrix and both CaMgSn and Mg 2 Sn phases in high Sn/Ca mass ratio alloys undergo galvanic corrosion, implying that the Mg matrix anode is preferentially corroded. 29,31 The schematic mechanism of the surface corrosion process of the Mg-xSn-1Ca alloys in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution is shown in Fig. 8.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, optimizing the secondary phase can significantly improve the electrochemical activity and discharge performance of Mg alloy anodes. 7,8,30,31 Alloying Mg with both Sn and Ca has attracted significant research attention for improving the corrosion resistance and discharge performance of the Mg alloy anode. The Mg-Sn-Ca ternary phase diagram confirms the formation of CaMgSn, Mg 2 Ca, and Mg 2 Sn secondary phases.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Sn/Ca Mass Ratio on the Second Phase, Corrosion Behavior and Discharge Performance of Mg–xSn–1Ca Mg–Air Battery Anodes

Le,

Mao,

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Mg–Sn–Ca alloys are promising candidates for Mg–air battery anodes. In this study, the influence of Sn/Ca mass ratio on the formation of the second phase, corrosion behavior and discharge performance of Mg-xSn-1Ca (x = 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 4.0 wt%) alloys, has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical characterizations. The results reveal that the CaMgSn phase forms in four Mg–xSn–1Ca alloys, the Mg2Ca phase precipitates in low Sn/Ca mass ratio alloys (Mg-0.5Sn-1Ca and Mg–1Sn–1Ca), and the Mg2Sn phase precipitates in the Mg-4Sn-1Ca alloy. Low Sn/Ca mass ratio alloys present better corrosion resistance than high Sn/Ca mass ratio alloys (Mg-2.5Sn-1Ca and Mg-4Sn-1Ca). The improvement in the corrosion resistance of the Mg2Ca phase is more than that of the Mg2Sn and CaMgSn phases. The highest average discharge voltage, anodic efficiency, power density, specific capacity, and specific energy of 1.188 V, 58.3%, 23.78 mW cm−2, 1225.5 mA h g−1, and 1389.8 mW h g−1, respectively, are found for the Mg-0.5Sn-1Ca alloy at an Sn/Ca mass ratio of 0.34, at a current density of 20 mA cm−2. This is attributed to better corrosion resistance and good electrochemical activity of the alloy. For the TX01 alloy, the current of discharge failure is calculated to be 93.6 mA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Sn/Ca Mass Ratio on the Second Phase, Corrosion Behavior and Discharge Performance of Mg–xSn–1Ca Mg–Air Battery Anodes

Le,

Mao,

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…[21][22][23] In Mg-Ca alloys with the addition of Zn element, the second phase varied from Mg 2 Ca to Ca 2 Mg 6 Zn 3 ; as a result, the discharge performance and corrosion behaviors of the alloys were alternated when they were used as anodes for Mg-air batteries. [24] Ca is another alloying candidate in Mg-based alloys to form different phases, for instance, Mg 2 Bi 2 Ca in Mg-0.5Sn-0.5Bi-0.5Ca alloy, [10] Mg 2 Ca in Mg-Ca binary alloy, [4,11] Al 2 Ca in Mg-Al-Zn-Ca alloy, [15,25] CaMgSn in Mg-Sn-Ca alloy, [26,27] and Ca 2 Mg 6 Zn 3 in Mg-Zn-Ca alloy. [24,28] Those Ca-containing second phases in Mg alloys are benefit to the corrosion resistance and discharge performance.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adem202301130mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microstructure of Mg alloys is controlled by alloying elements, which has been one of the most effective measures to improve the anodic properties of Mg-air batteries. In the published research reports, it was stated that various alloying elements, such as Zn, Sn, Al, In, Li, Ca, Bi, and rare earth (RE), [2,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] can affect the microstructure, electrochemical, and anodic performance of Mg-air battery through solid solution and second phases. For instance, Liu et al [17] found that the discharge voltage and specific capacity of AZ31 alloy modified by Ca, Sm, and La were increased, which was mainly attributed to both Al 2 Ca and Al 2 (Sm, Ca, La) phases, promoted the uniform dissolution of Mg matrix, and stimulated the anodic kinetics during the discharge process.…”

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Effects of Zn/Ca Alloying on the Second Phase, Corrosion Behavior, and Mg–Air Battery Anodic Performance of Mg–1Sn‐Based Alloys

Le,

Mao,

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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To improve the corrosion behavior and discharge performance of Mg‐1Sn‐based Mg‐air battery anodes, Zn/Ca alloying elements were added in the alloys to modify the type and morphology of the formed second phases. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the microstructure, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phased formed. Immersion, electrochemistry techniques and Mg‐air battery test were used to characterized the corrosion and discharge performance of the alloys. The results indicated that the addition of Ca rather than Zn had better effects in improving the corrosion resistance and discharge performance of Mg‐1Sn‐based alloys. The second‐phase combination improved the corrosion resistance and electrochemical activity of Mg‐1Sn‐based alloys in the following order: Mg2Ca and CaMgSn phases (Mg‐1Sn‐1Ca alloy) > Ca2Mg6Zn3 and CaMgSn phases (Mg‐1Sn‐1Zn‐1Ca alloy) > the net‐shape Mg4Zn7+Mg2Sn phases (Mg‐1Sn‐1Zn alloy) > Mg2Sn phase (Mg‐1Sn alloy). In addition, Mg‐1Sn‐1Zn‐1Ca alloy exhibited the highest anodic efficiency, specific capacity and specific energy among four alloys, i.e., 54.3±2.4%, 1197.6 mA h g‐1 and 1366.1 mW h g‐1, respectively, at a current density of 20 mA cm‐2.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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The influence of Sn content on the electrochemical performance and discharge characteristics of Al-0.2Mg-0.02In-xSn-0.02Bi alloy anodes in aluminum-air batteries

Quan,

Sui,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Ionics

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This study examines the impact of varying Sn content on the microstructure, electrochemical performance, and discharge characteristics of the Al-0.2Mg-0.02In-0.04Ga-xSn-0.02Bi aluminum anode in an alkaline electrolyte. The purpose of this study is to examine the best quantity of Sn element addition to enhance the discharge performance of aluminum alloy anodes. The study utilized scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the characteristics of the alloy's secondary phase and the morphology of corrosion. In addition, the electrochemical performance and discharge properties of the alloy anode were assessed using various methods, including self-corrosion rate, open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarisation, alternating current impedance, and constant current discharge tests.Incorporating Sn elements, where Sn atoms are dissolved in the aluminum matrix, results in a signi cant increase in the overpotential for hydrogen evolution. This leads to a reduction in self-corrosion rates and an improvement in discharge performance. Nevertheless, as the tin (Sn) content rises, the greater amount and larger size of tin-rich phases create galvanic cells with the aluminum matrix, resulting in higher rates of self-corrosion and reduced discharge performance. When the Sn content in the alloy anode is 0.03%, the overall performance is optimal. Its anode utilization rate and energy density are 91% and 4213 mWh g − 1 (at 50 mA cm − 2 ), respectively. Compared to the Sn-free aluminum alloy anode, they have been improved by 33.6% and 1626 mWh g − 1 , respectively. 1.IntroductionAluminum-air batteries are extensively utilized in backup power supplies and portable electronic devices because of their numerous bene ts, including high energy density, low cost, excellent safety, environmental friendliness, adaptability, and recyclability. These batteries possess a high theoretical

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Role of micro-Ca/In alloying in tailoring the microstructural characteristics and discharge performance of dilute Mg-Bi-Sn-based alloys as anodes for Mg-air batteries

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of Sn/Ca Mass Ratio on the Second Phase, Corrosion Behavior and Discharge Performance of Mg–xSn–1Ca Mg–Air Battery Anodes

Effect of Sn/Ca Mass Ratio on the Second Phase, Corrosion Behavior and Discharge Performance of Mg–xSn–1Ca Mg–Air Battery Anodes

Effects of Zn/Ca Alloying on the Second Phase, Corrosion Behavior, and Mg–Air Battery Anodic Performance of Mg–1Sn‐Based Alloys

The influence of Sn content on the electrochemical performance and discharge characteristics of Al-0.2Mg-0.02In-xSn-0.02Bi alloy anodes in aluminum-air batteries

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