Role of Microbial Enzymes in the Bioremediation of Pollutants: A Review

Karigar, Chandrakant S.; Rao, Shwetha S.

doi:10.4061/2011/805187

Cited by 620 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Pretreatment of such wastewaters to bring about lipid hydrolysis makes them more amenable to conventional biological treatment and hydrolytic enzymes find promising applications in this sector. Such applications of lipases and other hydrolytic enzymes have been reviewed earlier Mrozik et al 2008;Karigar and Rao 2011).…”

Section: Bioremediation Of Oil and Grease (Oandg) Containing Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

An insight into microbial lipases and their environmental facet

Kanmani¹,

Aravind²,

Kumaresan³

2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Lipases are serine hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis and synthesis of esters formed from glycerol and long-chain fatty acids, by acting at the oil-water interface. Lipases from microbial sources have received heightened attention for an array of industrial applications, and these enzymes have been well exploited in the environmental sector as well. In this article, we present an overview of microbial lipase, including the microorganisms from which it could be produced; the application of recombinant DNA technology tools to produce lipase with enhanced properties, the effective use of waste materials as substrates for lipase production; the usage of statistical tools to efficiently optimize the production medium; lipase purification strategies; and the immobilization of the enzyme on a variety of support materials. The next section of the article provides a gist of its application in diversified spheres and focusses exclusively on the environmentally relevant ones. Lipasecatalyzed esterification, transesterification, and interesterification reactions, an emerging area of green chemistry; lipase-mediated in vitro biopolymer synthesis and degradation; and the application of lipase for remediating fat and oil constituents in wastewater are dealt with in-depth. When its full potential is harnessed, the enzyme could play a pivotal role in environmental management.

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Section: Bioremediation Of Oil and Grease (Oandg) Containing Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

An insight into microbial lipases and their environmental facet

Kanmani¹,

Aravind²,

Kumaresan³

2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…A large number of enzymes from bacteria, fungi, and plants are involved in the biodegradation of toxic pollutants. On one hand systems biology approach has revealed that toxic heavy metals (like As, Cd) could be transferred and accumulated in animals and human beings via food chain, which would cause DNA damage and carcinogenic effects by their mutagenic ability (Seth et al 2007(Seth et al , 2008, while on the other hand its approach on bioremediation would contribute toward developing advanced bioprocess technology to reduce the toxicity of the pollutants and also to obtain novel useful biomaterials (Leung 2004;Karigar and Rao 2011).…”

Section: Systems Biology Approach To Bioremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological advances in bioremediation of heavy metals contaminated ecosystems: an overview with special reference to phytoremediation

Mani

Kumar

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

517

137

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The ability of heavy metals bioaccumulation to cause toxicity in biological systems-human, animals, microorganisms and plants-is an important issue for environmental health and safety. Recent biotechnological approaches for bioremediation include biomineralization (mineral synthesis by living organisms or biomaterials), biosorption (dead microbial and renewable agricultural biomass), phytostabilization (immobilization in plant roots), hyperaccumulation (exceptional metal concentration in plant shoots), dendroremediation (growing trees in polluted soils), biostimulation (stimulating living microbial population), rhizoremediation (plant and microbe), mycoremediation (stimulating living fungi/mycelial ultrafiltration), cyanoremediation (stimulating algal mass for remediation) and genoremediation (stimulating gene for remediation process). The adequate restoration of the environment requires cooperation, integration and assimilation of such biotechnological advances along with traditional and ethical wisdom to unravel the mystery of nature in the emerging field of bioremediation. This review highlights better understanding of the problems associated with the toxicity of heavy metals to the contaminated ecosystems and their viable, sustainable and eco-friendly bioremediation technologies, especially the mechanisms of phytoremediation of heavy metals along with some case studies in India and abroad. However, the challenges (biosafety assessment and genetic pollution) involved in adopting the new initiatives for cleaning-up the heavy metals-contaminated ecosystems from both ecological and greener point of view must not be ignored.

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“…Enzymes are proteins whose function is to catalyze chemical reactions in living systems (Karigar & Rao, 2011). They act on specific substrates, transforming them into products necessary for biological cycles, and participate in many edaphic processes such as organic residue decomposition, humic substance synthesis, nitrification, oxidation, xenobiotic degradation and nitrogen fixation, among others and organo-mineral complexes (Joinville et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrolytic soil enzymes and their response to fertilization: a short review

Bautista-Cruz

Ortiz-Hernández

2015

Com. Sci.

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Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in living systems, transforming specific substrates into the products needed in biological cycles and for many edaphic processes. Soil enzymatic activities have been proposed as soil quality indicators, due to their relation with soil biology. Although the long-term effects of organic and mineral fertilization on physical and chemical soil properties have been previously studied, little is known about their effects on microbial community structure, microbial biomass carbon, microbial activity and enzymatic activity. Some studies report that organic and mineral fertilizers can affect, be it positively or negatively, microbial biomass size as well as soil microbial activity. This work examines the effect of fertilization on the enzymatic activity of soil hydrolases. Keywords: hydrolases, mineral fertilizers, organic fertilizers, soilEnzimas hidrolíticas do solo e sua resposta à adubação: uma breve revisão ResumoEnzimas são proteínas que catalisam reações químicas em sistemas vivos, transformando substratos específicos para os produtos necessários em ciclos biológicos e para muitos processos edáficos. Atividades enzimáticas do solo têm sido propostos como indicadores de qualidade do solo, devido à sua relação com a biologia do solo. Embora os efeitos a longo prazo da adubação orgânica e mineral sobre as propriedades físicas e químicas do solo, foram previamente estudados, pouco se sabe sobre os seus efeitos sobre a estrutura microbiana, o carbono da biomassa microbiana, atividade microbiana e atividade enzimática. Alguns estudos relatam que os fertilizantes orgânicos e minerais pode afetar, seja ela positiva ou negativamente, o tamanho da biomassa microbiana, bem como a atividade microbiana do solo. Este trabalho examina o efeito da adubação sobre a actividade hidrolítica enzimática de solo.

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Role of Microbial Enzymes in the Bioremediation of Pollutants: A Review

Cited by 620 publications

References 53 publications

An insight into microbial lipases and their environmental facet

An insight into microbial lipases and their environmental facet

Biotechnological advances in bioremediation of heavy metals contaminated ecosystems: an overview with special reference to phytoremediation

Hydrolytic soil enzymes and their response to fertilization: a short review

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