Role of Mineral Elements to Induce the Resistance of Arabica Coffee Against Rust Disease at Lowland Area

Abstract

Lowland arabica coffee can be affected by leaf rust and its decrease the coffee production up to 80%. The resistance level of the plant can be determined by the content of cellulose, lignin, calcium pectate, and polyphenols in leaf tissue. Many publications reported that the mineral element could increase the content of the metabolites. This study aimed to determine the effect of Si, B, I, Ca, and K on the incidence of leaf rust attack. The experiment was carried out at 400 m a.s.l. in 2018. The experimental subjects were KT variety, which was six years old. The experiment used a randomized block design with seven treatments. The results showed that there were 1) decrease the number of leaves affected by rust between first and second observation, and 2) compared to controls, all treatments has decreased the incidence of attacks leaf rust disease. Conclusion: There is a tendency of differences in the incidence rate of attack of leaf rust disease in each treatment. Control plants showed the highest incidence rate of 1.25%, while the lowest incidence was affected by Silica, iodine, and potassium, which were 0.63%. The treatment of silica and iodine was able to reduce the highest number of colonies Leaf Rust.

Use of Detached Leaf Inoculation Method for the Early Selection of <em>Coffea arabica </em>L. for Resistance to <em>Hemileia vastatrix </em>Berk & Broome

“…These variations in resistance, to a large extent, are related to different factors, including environmental factors [9][10][11]16], genetic factors [8,24], and the product of interactions between them [18][19][20][21][22]. Therefore, to decrease the effects of interactions between genotype and the environment, this work was carried out under controlled conditions.…”

“…In this way, incomplete resistance can become effective in the field for a longer time, providing protection to plants against pathogens that cause limiting diseases, compared to complete resistance, and its quantification can only be carried out through the study of races of the pathogen compatible with the host [7]. On the other hand, incomplete resistance is affected by various factors, including the environment [8], nutritional status [9][10][11], age, phenology, ontogenetic state of organs [8,12,13], environment [8], and production potential of varieties [14,15].…”

“…In C. arabica, incomplete resistance to H. vastatrix is affected by the age of the leaves [16], the productivity of the plant [17], the interaction between the genotype and the environment (GxA) [18][19][20][21][22], the physiological and nutritional status of the crop [9][10][11]23], and its genetic basis [24]. Studies on this last factor have shown that incomplete resistance in C. arabica is related to interactions between genes with greater effects [24] and genes with weaker effects that act in an additive manner [25].…”

Sustainable specialty coffee production: An agronomy perspective (A review)

“…Minimum altitudes for development of arabica coffee plantations is of 900 m asl. However, lowering the altitude below 900 m is very risky for arabica coffee plant as it could be severely damaged by pests and diseases, especially of coffee leaf rust of Hemileia vastatrix [12] and coffee berry borer of Hypothenemus hampei [13]. Moreover, lower altitude at tropical regions would assosiated with higher temperature which has adverse effect on coffee beans quality [14].…”

Response of mineral formulation towards different growth phases of arabica coffee in lowland

“…However, the potential of leaf rust attack is higher in the lowland area, and the natural resistance of the plant must be increased. Rosyady et al (2020) mentions that mineral elements such as silica, iodine, and potassium can increase the plant resistance to attack by biotrophic fungi, such as H. vastatrix. Furthermore, Wulanjari et al (2020) also applied mineral element to coffee plants affected by leaf rust disease, and it showed decreasing in incidence by up to 78,13%.…”