Role of miR‐142 in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma and its potential as therapeutic approach

Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the bone with a strong tendency to early metastasis, and occurs in growing bones more commonly in children and adolescents. Considering the limited therapeutic methods and lack of 100% success of these methods, developing innovative therapies with high efficacy and lower side effects is needed. Meanwhile, miRNAs and the studies indicating the involvement of miRNAs in OS development have attracted attentions as a result of the frequent abnormalities in expression of miRNAs in cancer. miRNAs are noncoding short sequences with lengths ranging from 18 to 25 nucleotides that play a very important role in cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. MiRNAs can have either oncogenic or tumor suppressive role based on cellular function and targets. This review aimed to have overview on miR‐142 as a tumor suppressor in OS. Moreover, the genes involved in the disease, such as RAC1, HMAG1, MMP9, MMP2, and E‐cadherin, which have irregularities as a result of change in miR‐142 expression, and, thereby, result in increasing the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of the cells in the tissues and OS cells will be discussed.

Comprehensive Analysis of a ceRNA Network Identifies lncR-C3orf35 Associated with Poor Prognosis in Osteosarcoma

“…Xu et al [ 41 ] reported that miR-142-3p was downregulated in osteosarcoma tissue and cell lines. Several target mRNAs of miR-142-3p have been proposed including HMGA1, HMGB1, and Rac1 [ 42 ]. In hepatocellular cancer, miR-142-3p was shown to bind the 3′-UTR region of HMGB1 and resulted in the inhibition of proliferation and invasion of tumor cells [ 43 ].…”

Genetics of Osteosarcomas

“…[44] These results suggest that miR-145-3p may play a role as a tumor suppressor in OSs. [45,46] Circular RNAs(circRNAs) have a circular structure and represent a common class of the uncoded RNAs. Many circRNAs have been reported to play a significant role in cancer development and to have the potential to serve as a new bioindicator class for clinical diagnosis.…”

“…Studies have demonstrated the role of cir-cUBAP2 in the development of OS, and it plays a significant role in the prognosis prediction and cancer treatment. [45,47] Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a subclass of a transcriptional RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides that function as the regulatory factors in various human disease. IncRNA-ATB may be a potential therapeutic target for OSs.…”

Prospects for the involvement of cancer stem cells in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma

“…Osteosarcoma is one of the most common cancers that accounts for 60% of all sarcomas (Cormier & Pollock, ; Heare, Hensley, & Dell'Orfano, ). Occurs in children and adolescents of 10–20 years, and is considered as the second cause of death in this age group (Shabani et al, ). Epidemiological studies show that in the United States (US), 4–5 children per million annually suffer from the disease.…”