Role of miRNAs and epigenetics in neural stem cell fate determination

Lopez-Ramirez, Miguel Alejandro; Nicoli, Stefania

doi:10.4161/epi.27536

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 143 publications

(177 reference statements)

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“…Investigating 14 of $40 miRNAs known to be expressed in brain tissue (Bak et al, 2008;Kapsimali et al, 2007), we found that miR-132 and miR-34 also showed increased expression levels upon loss of miR-107. However, miR-132 is involved in the control of neuronal identity rather than neurogenesis while miR-34, even if involved in neurogenesis, did not have significantly increased levels to justify the phenotype observed in the absence of miR-107 (Lopez-Ramirez and Nicoli, 2013). miR-9 function in neural progenitor proliferation is debated and controversial; however, consistent with our findings, the increased levels of miR-9 in NPCs exhibit prodifferentiation function in numerous organisms (Bonev et al, 2011;Delaloy et al, 2010;Zhao et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A Dicer-miR-107 Interaction Regulates Biogenesis of Specific miRNAs Crucial for Neurogenesis

et al. 2015

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Dicer controls the biogenesis of microRNAs (miRNAs) and is essential for neurogenesis. Recent reports show that the levels and substrate selectivity of DICER result in the preferential biogenesis of specific miRNAs in vitro. However, how dicer expression levels and miRNA biogenesis are regulated in vivo and how this affects neurogenesis is incompletely understood. Here we show that during zebrafish hindbrain development dicer expression levels are controlled by miR-107 to tune the biogenesis of specific miRNAs, such as miR-9, whose levels regulate neurogenesis. Loss of miR-107 function stabilizes dicer levels and miR-9 biogenesis across the ventricular hindbrain zone, resulting in an increase of both proliferating progenitors and postmitotic neurons. miR-9 ectopic accumulation in differentiating neuronal cells recapitulated the excessive neurogenesis phenotype. We propose that miR-107 modulation of dicer levels in differentiating neuronal cells is required to maintain the homeostatic levels of specific miRNAs, whose precise accumulation is essential for neurogenesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A Dicer-miR-107 Interaction Regulates Biogenesis of Specific miRNAs Crucial for Neurogenesis

et al. 2015

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“…Previous data showed that miRNA synthesis and maturation consists of a stepwise process that is compartmentalized between the nucleus and the cytoplasm [28][29][30]. The pri-miRNA (primary miRNA transcript) is transcribed by RNA polymerase II in the nucleus, resulting in a transcript with a stem-loop structure of about 70 nucleotides, a 5 0 7-methylguanylate cap and a 3 0 -polyadenylated tail [30][31][32].…”

Section: Biogenesis Of Mirnamentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of microRNAs in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Shen

Chan

et al. 2016

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy with poor prognosis. Despite improvements in its diagnosis and therapy, the prognosis for ICC patients remains poor. An improved understanding of ICC pathogenesis and consequential identification of novel therapeutic targets would improve the prognosis of ICC patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly conserved, endogenous, small non‐coding RNA molecules of 18–23 nucleotides in length, which regulate gene expression through complementary base‐pairing with target messenger RNAs and subsequent gene silencing. Several studies have shown deregulated expression of miRNAs in ICC cell lines and tissues, in which these miRNAs play important roles in ICC apoptosis, cell proliferation, invasion, migration and metastasis. In this review, we illustrate the potential role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of ICC and explore the possibilities of using miRNAs as prognostic and diagnostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets in ICC.

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“…Their interplays switch the bivalent states of proneuronal genes and multipotency genes such as neurogenins (Ngns), Pax6, Sox, Nkx2.2 and Ascl1 (Mikkelsen et al, 2007; Prozorovski et al, 2008) [review see (Nakashima, 2004)] and subsequently determine the fate and differentiation of the neuroprogenitor cells in the neuroepithelial layer. Epigenetic regulation of neurodevelopment is also regulated by small non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) that are known to regulate neural stem cell fate by targeting mRNA at post-transcription level and chromatin-remodeling pathways during embryonic and adult neurogenesis [review see (Lopez-Ramirez & Nicoli, 2013)]. The timing and regulation of the miRNA formation in the neuroepithelial cells relevant to neuronal differentiation remain allusive.…”

Section: Effect Of Epigenetic Alterations On Neurodevelopmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Alterations of Epigenetics Prior to the Birth

Zhou

2014

International Review of Neurobiology

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The etiology of many brain diseases remains allusive to date after intensive investigation of genomic background and symptomatology from the day of birth. Emerging evidences indicate that a third factor, epigenetics prior to the birth, can exert profound influence on the development and functioning of the brain and over many neurodevelopmental syndromes. This chapter reviews how aversive environmental exposure to parents might predispose or increase vulnerability of offspring to neurodevelopmental deficit through alteration of epigenetics. These epigenetic altering environmental factors will be discussed in the category of addictive agents, nutrition or diet, prescriptive medicine, environmental pollutant, and stress. Epigenetic alterations induced by these aversive environmental factors cover all aspects of epigenetics including DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA, and chromatin modification. Next, the mechanisms how these environmental inputs influence epigenetics will be discussed. Finally, how environmentally altered epigenetic marks affect neurodevelopment is exemplified by the alcohol-induced fetal alcohol syndrome. It is hoped that a thorough understanding of the nature of prenatal epigenetic inputs will enable researchers with a clear vision to better unravel neurodevelopmental deficit, late onset neuropsychiatric diseases, or idiosyncratic mental disorders.

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Role of miRNAs and epigenetics in neural stem cell fate determination

Cited by 46 publications

References 143 publications

A Dicer-miR-107 Interaction Regulates Biogenesis of Specific miRNAs Crucial for Neurogenesis

A Dicer-miR-107 Interaction Regulates Biogenesis of Specific miRNAs Crucial for Neurogenesis

The role of microRNAs in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Environmental Alterations of Epigenetics Prior to the Birth

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