Role of morphology and crystallinity of nanorod and planar electron transport layers on the performance and long term durability of perovskite solar cells

Fakharuddin, Azhar; Giacomo, Francesco Di; Ahmed, Ifty; Wali, Qamar; Brown, Thomas M.; Jose, Rajan

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.02.084

Cited by 107 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…22 The performance of planar SnO 2 PSCs has rapidly come close to that of m-TiO 2 based PSCs, now achieving a PCE of 20.7%; 23 however, a mesoporous layer may further increase their performance by increasing electron extraction. 24 Also, planar SnO 2 based PSCs have been reported to be less stable than m-SnO 2 PSCs, 25,26 underlining the importance of highly efficient m-SnO 2 PSCs for UV-stable PSCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Ga-doped SnO₂ mesoporous contact for UV stable highly efficient perovskite solar cells

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increasing the stability of perovskite solar cells is a major challenge for commercialization. The highest efficiencies so far have been achieved in perovskite solar cells employing mesoporous TiO 2 (m-TiO 2 ).One of the major causes of performance loss in these m-TiO 2 -based perovskite solar cells is induced by UV-radiation. This UV instability can be solved by replacing TiO 2 with SnO 2 ; thus developing a mesoporous SnO 2 (m-SnO 2 ) perovskite solar cell is a promising approach to maximise efficiency and stability. However, the performance of mesoporous SnO 2 (m-SnO 2 ) perovskite solar cells has so far not been able to rival the performance of TiO 2 based perovskite solar cells. In this study, for the first time, high-efficiency m-SnO 2 perovskite solar cells are fabricated, by doping SnO 2 with gallium, yielding devices that can compete with TiO 2 based devices in terms of performance. We found that gallium doping severely decreases the trap state density in SnO 2 , leading to a lower recombination rate. This, in turn, leads to an increased open circuit potential and fill factor, yielding a stabilised power conversion efficiency of 16.4%. The importance of high-efficiency m-SnO 2 based perovskite solar cells is underlined by stability data, showing a marked increase in stability under full solar spectrum illumination.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Ga-doped SnO₂ mesoporous contact for UV stable highly efficient perovskite solar cells

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several studies have reported improved device stability when mesoporous layers of TiO 2 particles or nanorods are employed as rapid electron extraction pathways. 70,[72][73][74] This strategy has to take into account, however, that metal-oxides such as TiO 2 are themselves photoactive materials for UV-induced redox reactions. [75][76][77] In their study, Leijtens and co-workers investigated the impact of UV-irradiation on perovskite devices on mesoporous TiO 2 , observing that photoinduced oxygen desorption over time generates shallow traps below the conduction band edge thus resulting in decreased performance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Update: Strategies for improving the stability of perovskite solar cells

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The power-conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has soared up to 22.1% earlier this year. Within merely five years, the perovskite solar cell can now compete on efficiency with inorganic thin-film technologies, making it the most promising of the new, emerging photovoltaic solar cell technologies. The next grand challenge is now the aspect of stability. The hydrophilicity and volatility of the organic methylammonium makes the work-horse material methylammonium lead iodide vulnerable to degradation through humidity and heat. Additionally, ultraviolet radiation and oxygen constitute stressors which can deteriorate the device performance. There are two fundamental strategies to increasing the device stability: developing protective layers around the vulnerable perovskite absorber and developing a more resilient perovskite absorber. The most important reports in literature are summarized and analyzed here, letting us conclude that any long-term stability, on par with that of inorganic thin-film technologies, is only possible with a more resilient perovskite incorporated in a highly protective device design.

show abstract

“…190 Despite the high efficiencies reported in PSCs, there have been concerns over their long term operational stability. Their performance is not only known to degrade over time due to intrinsic reasons such as structural instability 191 and their interaction with the selective transport layers, 192,193 but also, due to extrinsic factors such as moisture, 41,194 199,200 Flexible PSCs are even more sensitive to these factors as they are more difficult to be encapsulated effectively. They are manufactured on polymer substrates such as PET or PEN which are much more permeable to ingress of moisture and oxygen compared to glass counterparts and are possibly more prone to effects of high temperature cycling and UV exposure which a PV device typically faces when installed outdoors.…”

Section: Stability Of Flexible Perovskite Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to glass based PSCs, it is not only the encapsulation that is required to achieve long term stability but also the right intrinsic material combinations. For example, the presence of a scaffold has been shown to lead to longer shelf lives in n-i-p PSC not only in glass based devices, 192,193 but also in plastic cells. In fact, after keeping the un-encapsulated devices in a dry box for a week, a scaffold-less cell lost 84% of its initial PCE while the cell incorporating a scaffold lost only 8%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress, challenges and perspectives in flexible perovskite solar cells

Giacomo

Fakharuddin

Jose

et al. 2016

Energy Environ. Sci.

Self Cite

385

257

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a Perovskite solar cells have attracted enormous interest since their discovery only a few years ago because they are able to combine the benefits of high efficiency and remarkable ease of processing over large areas. Whereas most of research has been carried out on glass, perovskite deposition and synthesis is carried out at low temperatures (o150 1C) to convert precursors into its final semiconducting form. Thus, developing the technology on flexible substrates can be considered a suitable and exciting arena both from the manufacturing view point (e.g. web processing, low embodied energy manufacturing) and that of the applications (e.g. flexible, lightweight, portable, easy to integrate over both small, large and curved surfaces). Research has been accelerating on flexible PSCs and has achieved notable milestones including PCEs of 15.6% on laboratory cells, the first modules being manufactured, ultralight cells with record power per gram ratios, and even cells made on fibres.Reviewing the literature, it becomes apparent that more work can be carried out in closing the efficiency gap with glass based counterparts especially at the large-area module level and, in particular, investigating and improving the lifetime of these devices which are built on inherently permeable plastic films. Here we review and provide a perspective on the issues pertaining progress in materials, processes, devices, industrialization and costs of flexible perovskite solar cells. Broader contextFor a number of years, solar cells had been considered as an inferior energy technology due to high cost -even in the renewable energy paradigm; however, more recently progress in materials processing and engineering of highly efficient and stable solar panels have helped them emerge as a frontline renewable energy technology with energy payback time that has been lowered from over a decade to a couple of years (at least in some parts of the world) during the last ten years. Commercial solar panels are typically manufactured on rigid platforms. Fabricating them on flexible substrates, such as transparent plastics and metallic foils, would enable effective harvesting of energy in a number of diverse areas from indoor electronics to automobiles and from building integrated photovoltaics to portable applications. Furthermore, it would open up web-based roll-to-roll fabrication conducive to massive throughputs. Solution processable perovskite solar cells offer promising opportunities towards this end. Being these cells the most efficient among the solution processable ones, with efficiency in their laboratory scale devices on par with the commercially available silicon and thin film counterparts, significant recent efforts devoted to their manufacturing on flexible substrates have seen efficiencies rise as high as 15.6% together with moderate stability. We approach the developments in this area by critically analyzing the factors affecting the final performance indicators such as efficiency, stability, and functionality and relate these to its proces...

show abstract

Role of morphology and crystallinity of nanorod and planar electron transport layers on the performance and long term durability of perovskite solar cells

Cited by 107 publications

References 33 publications

A Ga-doped SnO₂ mesoporous contact for UV stable highly efficient perovskite solar cells

A Ga-doped SnO₂ mesoporous contact for UV stable highly efficient perovskite solar cells

Research Update: Strategies for improving the stability of perovskite solar cells

Progress, challenges and perspectives in flexible perovskite solar cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Role of morphology and crystallinity of nanorod and planar electron transport layers on the performance and long term durability of perovskite solar cells

Cited by 107 publications

References 33 publications

A Ga-doped SnO2 mesoporous contact for UV stable highly efficient perovskite solar cells

A Ga-doped SnO2 mesoporous contact for UV stable highly efficient perovskite solar cells

Research Update: Strategies for improving the stability of perovskite solar cells

Progress, challenges and perspectives in flexible perovskite solar cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A Ga-doped SnO₂ mesoporous contact for UV stable highly efficient perovskite solar cells

A Ga-doped SnO₂ mesoporous contact for UV stable highly efficient perovskite solar cells