Role of multiple substrates (spent mushroom compost, ochre, steel slag, and limestone) in passive remediation of metal-containing acid mine drainage

Molahid, Verma Loretta M.; Kusin, Faradiella Mohd; Madzin, Zafira

doi:10.1080/09593330.2017.1422546

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As a solid waste, steel slag recycling and utilization contributes to environmental pollution. Due to mineral compositions such as calcium glass, steel slag can release alkalinity in aqueous solution [34][35][36], which can be used to neutralize AMD acidity.In this study, bentonite-steel slag composite particles (BSC) were developed as an adsorbent. These particles exploit the excellent adsorption of bentonite to heavy metal cations and the ability of steel slag to release alkalinity, neutralize acid, and precipitate heavy metal ions.…”

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Experimental Study on the Optimum Preparation of Bentonite–Steel Slag Composite Particles

Zhan

Xiao

2019

Sustainability

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Novel multifunctional adsorbent bentonite-steel slag composite particles (BSC) were developed for highly efficient and synergistic treatment of heavy metal ions in acid mine drainage (AMD). Single-factor experiments were performed to examine the influence of different parameters on the adsorption effect, alkalinity release quantity, and loss rate of the composite particles. Based on these results, an L9(4 3 ) orthogonal experiment was carried out, and the optimum levels and order of the factors were determined by range analysis. Finally, the optimum preparation process of the composite particles was determined: a bentonite-steel slag proportion of 5:5, Na 2 CO 3 content of 5%, aging time of 12 h, calcination particle size of 2 mm, calcination temperature of 500 • C, and calcination time of 60 min. The isothermal adsorption of optimum BSC fit well with Langmuir and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherms (R 2 R 2 > 0.997). A synergistic adsorption-coagulation effect occurs, leading to the appearance of multiple layers locally on the surface of BSC, which satisfies the BET model. To understand the preparation mechanism of the BSC, bentonite, steel slag, uncalcined BSC, and the optimum BSC were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that calcination led to an increase in the average pore radius, total pore volume, and specific surface area (S BET ) in the optimum BSC; numerous pores were present on its layered surface. Although the layer spacing increased after calcination, the structure of the dioctahedra remained unchanged. Exchangeable Na + , montmorillonite, and alkaline components were present between the optimum BSC layers. Water and impurities were removed after calcination. The BSC not only released an alkalinity-neutralising acid but also induced a synergistic adsorption-coagulation effect that removed heavy metal ions. It is an excellent multifunctional protective material for the mining environment, that can treat AMD-containing heavy metal ions. Sustainability 2020, 12, 18 2 of 27 Current techniques for treating AMD containing heavy metals include the neutralization precipitation [11], electrochemical [12], membrane separation [13-15], microbial [16,17], constructed wetland [18], and adsorption [19,20] methods. Neutralization precipitation and adsorption are widely used [21,22]. However, neutralization precipitation requires a large amount of chemical agents, such as neutralizer and flocculent [23,24], which leads to difficulties in solid-liquid separation and high processing costs [25,26]. Besides various adsorbent materials, activated carbon is frequently used for adsorption, but has a low adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions, has high costs, and cannot neutralize acid [27][28][29]. At present, most treatments use a single method, and the treatment effect is poor. If two methods are connected in series, the process flow is long,...

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Experimental Study on the Optimum Preparation of Bentonite–Steel Slag Composite Particles

Zhan

Xiao

2019

Sustainability

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“…The passive treatment of AMD was assessed using various substrates including, limestone, steel slag, ocher, and spent mushroom compost under anoxic conditions in batch tests (Molahid, Kusin, & Madzin, 2019). The mixed substrates demonstrated effectiveness in raising pH and lowering dissolved metal concentrations.…”

Section: Mine Drainage Remediation Technologymentioning

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Mine drainage: Remediation technology and resource recovery

Viadero

Zhang

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

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Drainage from current and historic mining operations remains a persistent environmental problem. Numerous research and development efforts were made in 2019 with a goal to minimize the impact of mine drainage on the environment, while other research endeavors addressed the mine drainage issue from a different perspective, where mine drainage was considered a resource for water and valuable products, such as metals, sulfuric acid, and rare earth elements. Thus, this review has two main sections: (a) focusing on research efforts in mine drainage remediation technology, and (b) emphasizing advances in resource recovery from mine drainage. The first section covers traditional and emerging passive and active treatment technologies. The second section summarizes resource recovery efforts using various technologies, such as selective precipitation, membrane process, and biological systems.

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“…As a solid waste, steel slag recycling and utilization contributes to environmental pollution. Due to mineral compositions such as calcium glass, steel slag can release alkalinity in aqueous solution [31][32][33], which can be used to neutralize AMD acidity.Our research group developed a new adsorbent named bentonite-steel slag composite particles (BSC) [34]. These particles benefit from the excellent adsorption potential of bentonite for heavy metal cations and the ability of steel slag to release alkalinity, which neutralizes acid, thereby precipitating heavy metal ions.…”

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Removal of Pb(II) from Acid Mine Drainage with Bentonite-Steel Slag Composite Particles

2019

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Abandoned lead and zinc (Pb-Zn) mines around the world produce large amounts of acid mine drainage (AMD) containing Pb(II), which is toxic and accumulates in the environment and in living organisms. Bentonite-steel slag composite particles (BSC) are a new type of acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment material that can remove heavy metal ions and reduce acidity. To date, there have been no reports on the treatment of Pb(II)-containing AMD using BSC. Therefore, the effects of pH, reaction time, temperature, and Pb(II) concentration on the adsorption of Pb(II) onto BSC were studied. Moreover, the BSC before and after the reaction, as well as the precipitation after the reaction, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. The effect of pH on the adsorption process is similar to that of the formation of soluble and insoluble hydrolysates of Pb(II) on pH. The adsorption mechanism includes ion exchange, complexation, precipitation, and synergistic adsorption–coagulation effect. Adsorption kinetics are best-fit with the pseudo-second order kinetics model ( R 2 > 0.98). Furthermore, the total adsorption rate is controlled by liquid film diffusion and in-particle diffusion, the liquid film diffusion rate being higher than the in-particle diffusion rate. The isothermal adsorption of Pb(II) onto BSC fit well with Langmuir and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) isotherms ( R 2 > 0.995), and both single layer adsorption and local multilayer adsorption were observed. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic, and that the degree of freedom increases with time. In summary, this study provides a theoretical basis for the use of BSC in treating AMD containing Pb(II).

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Role of multiple substrates (spent mushroom compost, ochre, steel slag, and limestone) in passive remediation of metal-containing acid mine drainage

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Experimental Study on the Optimum Preparation of Bentonite–Steel Slag Composite Particles

Experimental Study on the Optimum Preparation of Bentonite–Steel Slag Composite Particles

Mine drainage: Remediation technology and resource recovery

Removal of Pb(II) from Acid Mine Drainage with Bentonite-Steel Slag Composite Particles

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