Role of Nanomaterials on Soil Microbial Community and Functionality

Abstract

Advances in nanotechnology have transformed various fields, including agriculture. Nanomaterials (NMs) ranging in size from 1 to 100 nm are used as nanofertilizers and nanopesticides to increase agricultural yield. However, although the application of NMs has a strong effect on plant growth, it can also have an impact on the soil ecosystem and its functional properties. In addition, soil microbial communities, essential components of the soil ecosystem, perform various tasks, from forming soil structure to supporting plant growth. In this context, it becomes necessary to elucidate the role of the effects of NMs on soil microbial communities, enzymatic activities and nutrient cycling. However, some studies show positive effects, while others indicate negative effects on soil microbes. Therefore, selecting appropriate NMs is crucial for optimal performance in broader applications while maintaining the vitality of the soil ecosystem. This chapter focuses on the diverse impacts on soil microbial communities, enzymatic activities and nutrient cycling.