Role of nerve growth factor in the development of rat sympathetic neurons in vitro. I. Survival, growth, and differentiation of catecholamine production.

Chun, Linda L. Y.; Patterson, Paul H.

doi:10.1083/jcb.75.3.694

Cited by 200 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For example, acutely isolated adult sympathetic or sensory neurons do not require exogenous neurotrophins for survival in culture (Lazarus et al, 1976;Chun and Patterson, 1977;Lindsay, 1988), a finding that might be partially explained by endogenous neurotrophin synthesis in older neurons (Acheson et al, 1995). However, these older neurons are also less sensitive to apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation (Tong et al, 1997), and removal of exogenous neurotrophins activates the same initial apoptotic signaling events in neonatal sympathetic neurons as in neurons that have been "aged" 3 weeks in culture (Easton et al, 1997;Vogelbaum et al, 1998), suggesting the existence of additional cellintrinsic mechanisms that confer apoptotic resistance on the older neurons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Invulnerability of Adult Neurons: A Critical Role for p73

Walsh

Orike²,

Kaplan³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

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Here, we investigated the intracellular mechanisms that underlie the relative invulnerability of adult versus developing dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons. In culture, adult neurons were resistant to stimuli that caused apoptosis of their neonatal counterparts. In both adult and neonatal neurons, death stimuli induced the apoptotic c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) pathway, but JNK activation only caused death of neonatal neurons, indicating that adult neurons have a downstream block to apoptosis. Expression of the dominant-inhibitory p53 family member, ⌬Np73, rescued JNK-induced apoptosis of neonatal neurons, suggesting that it might participate in the downstream apoptotic block in adult neurons. To test this possibility, we examined adult DRG neurons cultured from p73ϩ/Ϫ mice. Adult p73ϩ/Ϫ DRG neurons were more vulnerable to apoptotic stimuli than their p73ϩ/ϩ counterparts, and invulnerability could be restored to the p73ϩ/Ϫ neurons by increased expression of ⌬Np73. Moreover, although DRG neuron development was normal in p73ϩ/Ϫ animals in vivo, axotomy caused death of adult p73ϩ/Ϫ but not p73ϩ/ϩ DRG neurons. Thus, one way adult neurons become invulnerable is to enhance endogenous survival pathways, and one critical component of these survival pathways is p73.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Invulnerability of Adult Neurons: A Critical Role for p73

Walsh

Orike²,

Kaplan³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

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“…A third aim has been to continue to use purine analogs to dissect NGF actions from one another. In particular, cultured sympathetic and sensory neurons not only undergo NGF-stimulated neurite outgrowth, but, unlike proliferating PC12 cells (Greene and Tischler, 1976), show a strong dependence on NGF for survival (Levi-Montalcini and Angeletti, 1963;Varon et al, 1973;Chun and Patterson, 1977;Barde et al, 1980). They are therefore suitable for determining whether promotion of survival and of neurite outgrowth can be mechanistically separated from one another.…”

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confidence: 99%

Purine analogs inhibit nerve growth factor-promoted neurite outgrowth by sympathetic and sensory neurons

1990

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“…Immature, dissociated rat sympathetic neurons cultured in the virtual absence of other cell types require NGF for survival (4). However, when these neurons were co-cultured with cells from rat heart, some survived even in the absence of added NGF as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Ngf On Neuronal Survival In the Presence Of Heart mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of the methods used in this study were described in the preceding two papers in this series (4,5) and in a previous report (21). Briefy, mechanically dissociated SCG ceils from neonatal rats were grown in L15-CO2 medium under the following conditions: (a) on a monolayer of dissociated rat heart cells and irradiated with e~ 2 days after neurons were plated to block further division of heart cells and ganglionic non-neuronal cells ("mixed cultures"), (b) by themselves and treated with 10 -s M cytosine arabinoside from days 2-4, 6-8, and 15-17 to kill proliferating ganglionic non-neuronal cells, (c) by themselves as in (b) but treated with CM obtained from flasks of confluent non-neuronal ceils.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of nerve growth factor in the development of rat sympathetic neurons in vitro. III. Effect on acetylcholine production.

Chun¹,

Patterson²

1977

The Journal of Cell Biology

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The effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on the development of cholinergic sympathetic neurons was studied in cultures grown either on monolayers of dissociated rat heart cells or in medium conditioned by them. In the presence of rat heart cells the absolute requirement of neurons for exogenous NGF was partially spared. The ability of heart cells to support neuronal survival was due at least in part to production of a diffusible NGF-like substance into the medium. Although some neurons survived on the heart cell monolayer without added NGF, increased levels of exogenous NGF increased neuronal survival until saturation was achieved at 0.5 t~g/ml 7S NGF. The ability of neurons to produce acetylcholine (ACh) from choline was also dependent on the level of exogenous NGF. In mixed neuron-heart cell cultures, NGF increased both ACh and catecholamine (CA) production per neuron to the same extent; saturation occurred at 1 t~g/ml 7S NGF. As cholinergic neurons developed in culture, they became less dependent on NGF for survival and ACh production, but even in older cultures -40% of the neurons died when NGF was withdrawn. Thus, NGF is as necessary for survival, growth, and differentiation of sympathetic neurons when the neurons express cholinergic functions as when the neurons express adrenergic functions (4, 5).KEY WORDS nerve growth factor sympathetic neurons cell culture acetylcholine production As described in the initial paper of this series (4), nerve growth factor (NGF) causes dose-dependent increases in survival, growth, and differentiation of catecholamine (CA) production in cultures of dissociated rat sympathetic neurons. Although most of the principal cells in the adult rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) are adrenergic, Yamauchi et al. (25) obtained histochemical evidence suggesting, in analogy with cat sympathetic ganglia (23), that -5% of the neurons are cholinergic. Does NGF also influence the development of sympathetic neurons which utilize acetyicholine (ACh) as transmitter, or is it specific for adrenergic function? It was possible to examine this question in culture, since we have previously demonstrated that sympathetic neurons from the rat SCG can be induced to produce substantial amounts of ACh when grown in vitro in the presence of certain types of non-neuronal cells (20) or in medium conditioned by them (CM) (21,22). Under these conditions, the neurons also secrete ACh at functional cholinergic syn-712

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Role of nerve growth factor in the development of rat sympathetic neurons in vitro. I. Survival, growth, and differentiation of catecholamine production.

Cited by 200 publications

References 31 publications

The Invulnerability of Adult Neurons: A Critical Role for p73

The Invulnerability of Adult Neurons: A Critical Role for p73

Purine analogs inhibit nerve growth factor-promoted neurite outgrowth by sympathetic and sensory neurons

Role of nerve growth factor in the development of rat sympathetic neurons in vitro. III. Effect on acetylcholine production.

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