Role of neutralizing antibodies in controlling simian foamy virus transmission and infection

Abstract

Passive transfer of high-titer NAbs blocked SFV cell-associated transmission, indicating that NAbs may play a role in virus transmission to individuals exposed to SFV-infected blood and tissues.

No Evidence of Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus Transmission by Blood Transfusion from Infected Rhesus Macaques

“…The lack of efficient virus replication in monkeys may also contribute to the lack of XMRV transmission by blood transfusion. Although neutralizing antibodies can contribute to the lack of retrovirus infection (47,48) and transmission (38), and they were shown to be present as early as week 2 in a pigtailed macaque study after XMRV injection (40), these were not likely to be involved in the lack of XMRV transmission in this study, since similar results were obtained by blood transfusions at week 1, week 2, and week 3.…”

“…Initially, 1 ml of virus stock was used to inject animals DBL2(d) and DBNP(d), and 1 ml complete medium was injected into animal DBHH(c) as a control. The inoculum titer (determined as 10 4.5 TCID 50 per ml in LNCaP cells or 10 5.5 TCID 50 per ml in Mv1Lu cells) was based upon our previous study in rhesus macaques with a recombinant amphotropic murine leukemia retrovirus that resulted in a productive infection with establishment of long-term persistence (our unpublished data) and with SFV (38). Nested PCR analysis of DNAs prepared from whole blood or PBMCs of animal DBL2(d) at CA was seen at week 8 and persisted at 59 weeks.…”

“…Monkey PBMCs (4 ϫ 10 6 to 5 ϫ 10 6 PBMCs) were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA; catalogue no. HA16; Remel, Inc., Lenexa, KS), as previously described (36,38), for 72 h in a 25-cm 2 flask prior to coculture with Mv1Lu cells (400,000 cells that were preplanted for 2 h in a 25-cm 2 flask for attachment) in complete EMEM for at least 30 days or until extensive cell lysis occurred due to the cytopathic effect (CPE) of SFV, which was present in some monkeys prior to the study. PBMCs were fed back to the Mv1Lu cells for the initial 3 passages to provide an extended coculture of the PBMCs with the target cells and possibly enhance virus isolation.…”

Innate Sensing of Foamy Viruses by Human Hematopoietic Cells

“…It is tempting to speculate that the type I IFN response described here is in large part responsible for the control of viral replication in infected individuals. In addition, neutralizing antibodies are known to inhibit SFV transmission and infection (74), indicating that the adaptive immune response may control further the virus in vivo.…”

Pattern of seroreactivity against feline foamy virus proteins in domestic cats from Germany

“…FV infections are persistent and infected animals show a sustained antibody response against Gag and Bet that is used for serological identification of infected hosts via ELISA and/or immunoblotting ( , [Hahn et al, 1994], [Heneine et al, 2003], [Khan and Kumar, 2006], [Saib, 2003] and [Williams and Khan, 2010]). Virus can commonly be isolated from infected cats, cattle and non-human primates ( , [Heneine et al, 2003], [Khan and Kumar, 2006], [Romen et al, 2007], [Saib, 2003] and [Williams and Khan, 2010]); however, no disease was associated with infections and thus, FVs are therefore considered apathogenic ( [Linial, 2000] and [Saib, 2003]). In addition, zoonotic infections of human beings by simian FVs have been described but are not associated with an overt disease ( [Heneine et al, 2003] and [Khan, 2009]).…”