Role of niacin supplementation in dairy cattle: A review

Panda, Sandeep; Panda, Niranjan; Panigrahy, Kuldeep Kumar; Gupta, S. K.; Mishra, S. P.; Laishram, Menalsh

doi:10.18805/ajdfr.v36i02.7949

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Specifically, adaptations of glucose metabolism (Bell and Bauman, 1997) and the molecular events underlying insulin resistance (De Koster and Opsomer, 2013), one of the most significant mechanisms in high yielding dairy cows, have been extensively studied and led to different nutritional strategies (Grum et al, 1996). Alongside, the study of early lactation negative energy balance has clarified the molecular basis of pathologies associated to the transition period such as ketosis (Adewuyi et al, 2005;McArt et al, 2013) and fatty liver (Han van der Kolk et al, 2017) which have led to research in nutrition (Ingvartsen, 2006;Ingvartsen and Moyes, 2013) as well as supply of particular feedstuffs (Pinotti et al, 2003;Chung et al, 2009;Niehoff et al, 2009;Corbin and Zeisel, 2013;Jayaprakash et al, 2016;Panda et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism of Dairy Cows in a Total Mixed Ration or Pasture-Based System During Lactation

et al. 2021

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In this study, we explored mechanisms related to glucose and fatty acid metabolism in Holstein–Friesian multiparous dairy cows during lactation under two feeding strategies. From 0 to 180 days postpartum, cows were fed total mixed ration (TMR) ad libitum (non-grazing group, G0) or grazed Festuca arundinacea or Medicago sativa and were supplemented with 5.4 kg DM/d of an energy-protein concentrate (grazing group, G1). From 180 to 250 days postpartum, all cows grazed F. arundinacea and were supplemented with TMR. Plasma samples and liver biopsies were collected at −14, 35, 60, 110, 180, and 250 days in milk (DIM) for metabolite, hormone, gene expression, and western blot analysis. Our results showed increased levels of negative energy balance markers: plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), liver triglyceride and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) (P < 0.01), triglyceride and β-hydroxybutyrate concentration were especially elevated for G1 cows. Also, hepatic mRNA expression of gluconeogenic enzymes was upregulated during early lactation (P < 0.05). In particular, methymalonyl-CoA mutase expression was increased for G0 cows (P < 0.05) while pyruvate carboxylase (PC) expression was increased for G1 cows (P < 0.05), suggesting differential gluconeogenic precursors for different feeding strategies. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase was increased in early lactation vs. late lactation (P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with PC mRNA levels. The positive association of gluconeogenic genes with proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A) hepatic expression supported the importance of this transcription factor in glucose metabolism. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) mRNA was increased during early lactation (P < 0.05), and was positively associated to PPARGC1A, carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1, and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) mRNA expression. Alongside, hepatic mRNA expression of FABP was decreased for G1 vs. G0 cows (P < 0.05), possibly linked to impaired fatty acid transport and related to accumulation of liver triglycerides, evidencing G1 cows fail to adapt to the demands of early lactation. In sum, our results showed that metabolic adaptations related to early lactation negative energy balance can be affected by feeding strategy and might be regulated by the metabolic sensors AMPK, SIRT1, and coordinated by transcription factors PPARGC1A and PPARA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism of Dairy Cows in a Total Mixed Ration or Pasture-Based System During Lactation

et al. 2021

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“…Additionally, pasture samples were not collected and analysed for niacin content and time has lapsed for these samples to be collected. The majority of niacin found in pasture is present in its bound form and therefore unavailable for absorption (Panda et al, 2017). Rather, bacterial populations in the hindgut are thought to be responsible for the conversion of bound NA to other metabolites that are excreted or absorbed and available for use by cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD⁺ precursors in mares

Pollard

Gibb

Swegen

et al. 2021

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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NAD+ deficiency has recently been linked with increased occurrences of congenital abnormalities and embryonic death in human and animal subjects. Early embryonic death is a major component of pregnancy loss in mares and very little is known regarding the requirement for NAD+ in horses. The aim of this study was to quantify NAD+ and its metabolites in the plasma and urine of mares after orally administering an acute dose of nicotinic acid and determine the absorption, metabolism and excretion of this essential precursor for NAD+ biosynthesis. Nicotinic acid (5 g per os) was administered to four mares via a dosing syringe. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 22 h, and urine samples were collected at 0, 3, 6 and 22 h. The samples were processed and analysed by mass spectrometry. A general additive model was applied to all metabolite concentration values followed by a post‐hoc multiple comparisons test. Nicotinic acid was rapidly absorbed into peripheral blood within 15 min of administration and the concentrations of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinuric acid, nicotinic acid mononucleotide and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD) increased significantly in plasma at 30 min. The concentrations of NAM, nicotinic acid riboside and NaAD increased significantly in urine at 3 h. The levels of NAM and NaAD remained significantly elevated in plasma at 22 h, sixfold and ninefold greater, respectively, than the basal levels at 0 h. While the extracellular levels of NAD+ in the samples remained undetected, the large, sustained elevation of NaAD levels in plasma indicates that the NAD+ levels were boosted within the cellular compartments. The results show that nicotinic acid supplementation increases the bioavailability of NAD+ precursors in mares, which is proposed to be beneficial during periods of peak NAD+ demand, such as during early embryo development.

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“…The vitamin B3 complex comprises two common forms; nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and a third recently discovered form; nicotinamide riboside [48]. Both nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are identified in the LC-MS/MS analysis used in the present study, though nicotinamide is present in substantially higher concentrations in bovine milk than nicotinic acid as the latter is converted to the amide form in the rumen [49]. The average concentration of nicotinic acid in ingredients derived from TMR was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those from CLV, while the nicotinamide concentration of TMR-derived ingredients was significantly higher than those derived from GRS ( Table 1).…”

Section: Vitamin B3 (Nicotinic Acid)mentioning

confidence: 73%

Effect of Diet on the Vitamin B Profile of Bovine Milk-Based Protein Ingredients

Magan

O’Callaghan

Zhang

et al. 2020

Foods

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The influence of diet on the water-soluble vitamin composition of skim milk powder and whey protein ingredients produced from the milk of cows fed pasture or concentrate-based diets was examined. Fifty-one Holstein-Friesian cows were randomly assigned into three diets (n = 17) consisting of outdoor grazing of perennial ryegrass (GRS), perennial ryegrass/white clover (CLV), or indoor feeding of total mixed ration (TMR) for an entire lactation. Raw mid-lactation milk from each group was processed into skim milk powder and further processed to yield micellar casein whey and acid whey. Sweet whey was also produced by renneting of pasteurised whole milk from each system. The water-soluble vitamin profile of each sample was analysed using a combination of direct injection mass spectrometry and reverse-phase liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Vitamin B3 and B3-amide concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in TMR-derived samples than in those from CLV and GRS, respectively. Vitamin B1, B2, and B7 concentrations were significantly higher in GRS and CLV-derived samples than those from TMR. Significant differences in vitamins B1, B2, and B3-amide were also observed between protein ingredient types. This study indicates that bovine feeding systems have a significant effect on B vitamin composition across a range of protein ingredient types.

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Role of niacin supplementation in dairy cattle: A review

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism of Dairy Cows in a Total Mixed Ration or Pasture-Based System During Lactation

Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism of Dairy Cows in a Total Mixed Ration or Pasture-Based System During Lactation

Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD⁺ precursors in mares

Effect of Diet on the Vitamin B Profile of Bovine Milk-Based Protein Ingredients

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Role of niacin supplementation in dairy cattle: A review

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism of Dairy Cows in a Total Mixed Ration or Pasture-Based System During Lactation

Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism of Dairy Cows in a Total Mixed Ration or Pasture-Based System During Lactation

Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD+ precursors in mares

Effect of Diet on the Vitamin B Profile of Bovine Milk-Based Protein Ingredients

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Nicotinic acid supplementation at a supraphysiological dose increases the bioavailability of NAD⁺ precursors in mares