Role of nitric oxide in seed biology and seed production: A review

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signalling molecule employed by plants to control many physiological aspects. This review summarizes that crosstalk between NO/H2O2/Ca2+ signalling pathways that drive pollen tube for sexual reproduction in flowering plants. NO is produced in seeds by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic sources that control many physiological aspects of seeds. The interplay of NO and Reactive oxygen species are likely important players in hormonal crosstalk controlling seed germination and dormancy. Mechanism of seed germination and dormancy is mainly regulated by plant hormones like Abscisic acid (ABA) and Gibberellic acid (GA). Based on mode of action of NO with reference to triggering the germination of crop seeds under abiotic stress condition it is infer that there is a linkage between NO and plant growth regulator production. NO cross-talk with reactive oxygen species (ROS) during abiotic stress condition, modulate the light and hormone depended developmental process in the early stage of plant development. NO action to enhancing abiotic stress tolerance by improving antioxidant enzymes and protection against oxidative damage in many crops are discussed in detail.

Nitric Oxide: Functional Interaction With Phytohormones and Applications in Crop Production

“…In experimental practices, molecules that are NO donors are used to increase nitric oxide content in plants (Venkatesan et al, 2020;Ullah et al, 2023). There are one and a half dozen classes including more than 300 compounds that can act as nitric oxide donors (Wang et al, 2002;Oliveira et al, 2018).…”

“…NO is a lipophilic radical molecule with an unpaired π-orbital electron, capable of easily penetrating cell membranes and rapidly interacting with its molecular targets (Mur et al, 2013;Allagulova et al, 2023;Khan et al, 2023a). Because of its ability to enter into direct chemical reactions with specific groups of proteins, as well as functional interactions with other signaling mediators and phytohormones, nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of multiple functions of the plant organism: seed germination, cell wall lignification, flowering, pollen formation, fruit maturation and senescence, as well as different types of symbiosis and responses to biotic and abiotic stressors (Dmitriev, 2004;Turkan, 2017;Sami et al, 2018;Venkatesan et al, 2020;Singhal et al, 2021). The accumulation of knowledge about nitric oxide functions in plants has been very intense.…”

Nitric Oxide in Seed Biology

“…Some examples of the potential application and perspectives of the utilization of various NO donors in agriculture were recently reviewed [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. Tests of SNP presoaking of seeds of common crops, such as sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.), Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. subsp.…”