Role of nitric oxide in the biology, physiology and pathophysiology of reproduction

Rosselli, Marinella

doi:10.1093/humupd/4.1.3

Cited by 520 publications

(361 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…It is interesting that, diabetic rats also showed elevated NO levels in testis, suggesting its role in the formation of peroxynitrite and activation of caspase-mediated cell death pathways. 44,45 Tissue sulfhydryls and ascorbate are major cellular antioxidants, whose diminished levels serve as good indicators of the ongoing oxidative stress. In the PP model, both GSH and non-protein thiol levels were uniformly elevated in mitochondria, whereas a differential response was evident with tissue ascorbic acid status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in the testis of prepubertal diabetic rats

Chandrashekar

Muralidhara

2009

Int J Impot Res

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Earlier, we have shown the occurrence of oxidative impairments and their progression in the testis of diabetic adult rats. This study investigated the vulnerability of immature testis to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in a prepubertal (PP) diabetic rat model. PP male rats (4/6-weekold) rendered diabetic by an acute dose of streptozotocin were monitored for induction of oxidative stress in testis cytosol/mitochondria. Diabetic rats of both age groups showed severe hyperglycemia, testicular atrophy and marked oxidative damage as evidenced by enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, hydroperoxide and malondialdehyde levels (4 week46 week). Mitochondrial dysfunctions manifested as reduction in the activities of aldehyde dehydrogenase, tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, enhanced activities of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes, perturbations in calcium homeostasis and membrane potential. These evidences suggest that an immature testis is vulnerable to oxidative stress under diabetes, which may play a significant role in the development of testicular degeneration, leading to impaired fertility in adulthood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in the testis of prepubertal diabetic rats

Chandrashekar

Muralidhara

2009

Int J Impot Res

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“…Placental blood flow is not regulated by the nervous system, because the placenta is a non-innervated organ [18]. It has been reported that the blood flow of the placenta is regulated by the direct action of the NO on placental blood vessels [17]. The embryo and the fetal placenta develop rapidly in midgestation in rats, and, in fact, we confirmed that the weight of the fetal placenta increased dramatically from day 13.5 to day 15.5 of gestation (data not shown).…”

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confidence: 99%

Gestational Changes in Production of NO and Expression of NOS mRNA Isoforms in the Rat Placenta

et al. 2009

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ABSTRACT. To monitor changes in NO production over time in the fetal placenta of rats, we used electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy with the Fe-N-(dithiocarboxy) sarcosine (Fe-DTCS) complex as an NO-trapping reagent. The expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms was examined in parallel using quantitative RT-PCR. NO production was first detected on day 13.5 of gestation. NO levels reached a peak on day 15.5, then decreased significantly during the last few days of gestation. The pattern of expression of NOS II mRNA was in good agreement with changes in NO levels, whereas NOS III mRNA expression did not change markedly during gestation. Thus, it appears that NO levels in the placenta are NOS II-dependent and differ at different gestational stages. KEY WORDS: electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), fetal placenta, nitric oxide.

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“…NO, a free radical synthesized by a family of enzymes known as NOS, is an important physiological regulator of uterine contractility (22). NO inhibits uterine contractility by various mechanisms, including the reduction of intracellular calcium levels via protein kinase C, activation of calcium pumps, and suppression of the expression of gap junctions consisting of proteins called connexin 43 (Cx43), resulting in the facilitation of action potential propagation from one cell to another (23)(24)(25). Endogenous metabolism of NO gives rise to plasma and urinary nitrite (NO 2 ) and nitrate (NO 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyceryl trinitrate for the treatment of preterm labor

Çalışkan

Narin

Dede

et al. 2015

J Turkish German Gynecol Assoc

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Results: Forty-one patients were included into the final analysis. Uterine contraction cessation times were 3.66±1.28 and 6.83±3.47 hours for GTN and MgSO4 groups, respectively. Similarly, maternal side effects were significantly lower in the GTN group than in the MgSO4 group, and no serious maternal side effects were recorded. Serum NO metabolite levels before treatment were significantly lower in the treatment groups than in the controls. Serum nitrite levels were significantly increased after tocolytic treatment both in MgSO 4 and GTN groups.Conclusion: GTN effectively delays preterm delivery and reduces neonatal morbidity and mortality with less maternal side effects and seems to be an effective and safe alternative to MgSO 4 . (J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2015; 16: 174-8) Keywords: Glyceryl trinitrate, nitric oxide, magnesium sulfate, tocolysis Received: 28 January, 2015 Accepted: 24 March, 2015 Available Online Date: 14 July, 2015 Glyceryl trinitrate for the treatment of preterm labor Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Abstract with intact amniotic membrane, reassuring fetal heart rate (FHR) tracing, and no contraindication for tocolysis. Exclusion criteria included multiple pregnancy, nonreassuring FHR tracing, hypotension (blood pleasure <80/50 mmHg), unexplained vaginal bleeding, placenta previa, preterm premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, cervical cerclage during present gestation, urinary system infection, maternal systemic disease, fetal growth restriction, and sensitivity or contraindication to nitrates or magnesium sulfate. Eligible women were then approached to participate in the trial, and after final recruitment, the study protocol was explained to the patients and informed consents were obtained. The patients were randomized into two treatment groups according to software-generated random allocation sequence. The random allocation sequence was held by only one author during the entire trial period. The tocolytic drug was changed in four patients from the MgSO 4 group and in three patients from GTN group, and these patients were excluded from the study in accordance with the study design ( Figure 1). In conclusion, 19 patients in the MgSO 4 group and 22 patients in GTN group were included in the final analysis. All the groups were matched with regard to maternal age, gestational age, and parity. Study designAt the time of initial assessment, blood samples were collected for routine tests and serum nitrate and nitrite levels, following which maternal sedation with 10 mg intramuscular (IM) diazepam (Diazem ® , Deva, Turkey) and hydration with 500 mL Ringer's lactate and with 500 mL 5% dextrose solution were performed. Betamethasone (Celestone Chronodose ® , Schering Plough, Turkey) was administered at 12 mg IM every 24 hours for a total of two doses to all the patients for promoting fetal lung development. Patients could not be treated with sedation and hydration underwent MgSO 4 or GTN treatment. MgSO 4 was performe...

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Role of nitric oxide in the biology, physiology and pathophysiology of reproduction

Cited by 520 publications

References 221 publications

Evidence of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in the testis of prepubertal diabetic rats

Evidence of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in the testis of prepubertal diabetic rats

Gestational Changes in Production of NO and Expression of NOS mRNA Isoforms in the Rat Placenta

Glyceryl trinitrate for the treatment of preterm labor

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