Role of Nitric Oxide in the Digestive System

Konturek, Stanislaw K.; Konturek, Peter C.

doi:10.1159/000201214

Cited by 85 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…An acute inflammation of the gastric mucosa plays an important role in the pathogenesis of stress-induced ulcerogenesis, being responsible for the enhanced permeability of blood vessels to activated neutrophils resulting in an excessive infiltration of gastric mucosal tissue [29][30][31]. In the present study, the coldrestraint stress model caused severe mucosal injury in the stomach of rats along with increased neutrophil infiltration and consumption of tissue glutathione content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

The effect of simvastatin pretreatment on stress-induced gastric ulcer in rats

Bulut

Kabayuka

Şenkal

et al. 2016

MMJ

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Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the possible protective effect of simvastatin (SIM) pretreatment on stress-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Materials and Methods:Gastric ulcer was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) by cold-restraint stress. SIM (10 mg/kg/day; per oral) or saline was administered for 21 days prior to stress. On day-21, a group of animals was treated with the non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME (50 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) or the non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin (Indo; 5 mg/kg; subcutaneously) prior to SIM. The stomachs were examined macroscopically and microscopically and stored for biochemical analyses. Results:The severity of the lesions of the stress group was decreased by SIM, but this was not altered significanty by L-NAME or Indo. Stress increased gastric myeloperoxidase activity comparised to control level (p<0.01); however, SIM did not cause a significant change on this parameter. Stress increased gastric chemiluminescence levels (p<0.001) which were reversed by SIM (p<0.001) and this effect continued in L-NAME-or Indotreated animals.Conclusion: SIM pretreatment of rats with cold-restraint stress provided protection against gastric lesion formation via supression of oxidants derived from sources other than neutrophils without the involvement of NOS and COX systems.Keywords: Ulcer, Nitric oxide synthase, Cyclooxygenase, Rat, Stress ÖZ Amaç: Bu çalışmada sıçanlarda stres ile uyarılan mide ülserinde simvastatin'in (SİM) olası koruyucu etkisini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem:Sprague-Dawley sıçanlarda (250-300 gr) soğuk-kısıtlama stres uygulaması ile mide ülseri oluşturuldu. Stres öncesi 21 gün süreyle SİM (10 mg/kg/day; oral yolla) veya fizyolojik tuzlu su (1 ml; oral yolla) uygulandı. Bir grup sıçan 21. günde SİM öncesi selektif olmayan nitrik oksit sentaz (NOS) inhibitörü L-NAME (50 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) veya selektif olmayan siklooksijenaz (COX) inhibitörü indometazin (İndo; 5 mg/kg; subkutan) verildi. Mideler makroskopik ve mikroskopik olarak incelendi ve biyokimyasal analizler için saklandı. Bulgular:Stres grubunda lezyonların şiddeti SİM ile azaldı ancak L-NAME veya İndo ile anlamlı bir değişiklik göstermedi. Stres mide miyeloperoksidaz aktivitesini kontrol düzeyine kıyasla artırdı (p<0.01); ancak, SİM bu parametre üzerinde anlamlı bir değişikliğe neden olmadı. Stres mide kemiluminisans düzeylerini artırdı (p<0.01); bu etki SİM ile geri döndürüldü (p<0.001); L-NAME veya İndo ile tedavi edilen hayvanlarda ise devam etti.Sonuç: Soğuk-kısıtlama stresine maruz bırakılan sıçanlara SIM öntedavisi mide lezyon oluşumunda NOS ve COX sistemlerinden ayrı mekanizmalarla nötrofil dışı hücrelerden kaynaklanan oksidanları baskılayarak koruma sağlamaktadır.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

The effect of simvastatin pretreatment on stress-induced gastric ulcer in rats

Bulut

Kabayuka

Şenkal

et al. 2016

MMJ

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“…This is evidenced by reports showing that suppression of NO production by NO synthase inhibitor worsens gastric lesions induced by ethanol in rats [37,38] . NO has also been sug gested to prevent infiltration by neutrophils, which are a source of superoxide radical anions [39] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Lead exposure increases oxidative stress in the gastric mucosa of HCl/ethanol-exposed rats

Olaleye

Adaramoye²,

.³

et al. 2007

WJG

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AIM:To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species in the ulcer-aggravating effect of lead in albino rats. METHODS:Albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups and treated orally with 100 mg/L (low dose) or 5000 mg/L (high dose) of lead acetate for 15 wk. A third group received saline and served as control. At the end of wk 15, colorimetric assays were applied to determine the concentrations of total protein and nitrite, the activities of the oxidative enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidation in homogenized gastric mucosal samples. RESULTS:Exposure of rats to lead significantly increased the gastric mucosal damage caused by acidified ethanol. Although the basal gastric acid secretory rate was not significantly altered, the maximal response of the stomach to histamine was significantly higher in the lead-exposed animals than in the unexposed control group. Exposure to low and high levels of lead significantly increased gastric lipid peroxidation to 183.2% ± 12.7% and 226.1% ± 6.8% of control values respectively (P < 0.0). On the other hand, lead exposure significantly decreased catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and the amount of nitrite in gastric mucosal samples. CONCLUSION:Lead increases the formation of gastric ulcers by interfering with the oxidative metabolism in the stomach.

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“…NO has different functions in the gastrointestinal tract, both physiological and pathological, and NO synthase has 2 forms: constitutive and inducible. 16 The latter produces NO in response to pathological impulses such as inflammatory process. 17 Some authors noted increased levels of NO in the serum a reduction of GSH levels and decreased GPx and GR activity in the peripheral blood of celiac children.…”

Section: Results Blood Tests In Controls and Celiac Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%