Role of nuclear medicine in neuroHIV

Sathekge, Mike; McFarren, Alicia; Dadachova, Ekaterina

doi:10.1097/mnm.0000000000000139

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…[5, 94-96] The amyloid PET/CT with florbetaben confirmed amyloid deposition in the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes bilaterally including the posterior cingulate and precuneus, a pattern consistent with AD. [5] Recently, a case study showed frontal, parietal and temporal hypometabolism on FDG-PET in a 70-year old HIV-infected individual with CD4 cell count of 124 presenting with memory deficits for the 4 months, apraxia and incontinence.…”

Section: Neuroimagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders From Alzheimer’s Disease: an Emerging Issue in Geriatric NeuroHIV

Milanini

Valcour

2017

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

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Purpose of Review To examine characteristics that may distinguish HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) from early Alzheimer's disease (AD) Recent Findings CSF AD biomarkers are perturbed in HIV, yet these alterations may be limited to settings of advanced dementia or unsuppressed plasma HIV RNA. Neuropsychological testing will require extensive batteries to maximize utility. Structural imaging is limited for early AD detection in the setting of HIV, but proper studies are absent. While positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid imaging has altered the landscape of differential diagnosis for age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, costs are prohibitive. Summary Risk for delayed AD diagnosis in the aging HIV-infected population is now among the most pressing issues in geriatric neuro HIV. While clinical, imaging, and biomarker characterization of AD is extensively defined, fewer data define characteristics of HAND in the setting of suppressed plasma HIV RNA. Data needed to inform the phenotype of AD in the setting of HIV are equally few.

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Section: Neuroimagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders From Alzheimer’s Disease: an Emerging Issue in Geriatric NeuroHIV

Milanini

Valcour

2017

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

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“…This is a subcortical dementia found in HIV patients which was previously called AIDS dementia complex [5,21,77]. It is characterised by disturbances in cognition, motor performance and movement.…”

Section: Hiv-associated Neurocognitive Deficit (Hand) and Hiv-associamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is characterised by disturbances in cognition, motor performance and movement. Many of these symptoms can be caused by other conditions common to HIV and these other conditions are usually treatable [77,78]. It is, therefore, imperative that these conditions are excluded before a diagnosis of HAND is made.…”

Section: Hiv-associated Neurocognitive Deficit (Hand) and Hiv-associamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A well-documented cognitive decline and exclusion of the confounding conditions must be performed before a definite diagnosis is settled. There is no biomarker for HAND [77]. MRI and CT are the main imaging modalities used in evaluating neurological disease in HIV patients.…”

Section: Hiv-associated Neurocognitive Deficit (Hand) and Hiv-associamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors also found a significant relation between frontal lobe metabolism and severity of dementia, whilst others found that frontomesial hypometabolism was associated with deteriorating motor function [85]. Despite these findings, FDG cannot be recommended for the diagnosis of HAND and more specific tracers are needed [77].…”

Section: Hiv-associated Neurocognitive Deficit (Hand) and Hiv-associamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Nuclear Medicine in the Staging and Management of Human Immune Deficiency Virus Infection and Associated Diseases

Ankrah

Glaudemans

Klein

et al. 2016

Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) is a leading cause of death. It attacks the immune system, thereby rendering the infected host susceptible to many HIV-associated infections, malignancies and neurocognitive disorders. The altered immune system affects the way the human host responds to disease, resulting in atypical presentation of these disorders. This presents a diagnostic challenge and the clinician must use all diagnostic avenues available to diagnose and manage these conditions. The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has markedly reduced the mortality associated with HIV infection but has also brought in its wake problems associated with adverse effects or drug interaction and may even modulate some of the HIV-associated disorders to the detriment of the infected human host. Nuclear medicine techniques allow non-invasive visualisation of tissues in the body. By using this principle, pathophysiology in the body can be targeted and the treatment of diseases can be monitored. Being a functional imaging modality, it is able to detect diseases at the molecular level, and thus it has increased our understanding of the immunological changes in the infected host at different stages of the HIV infection. It also detects pathological changes much earlier than conventional imaging based on anatomical changes. This is important in the immunocompromised host as in some of the associated disorders a delay in diagnosis may have dire consequences. Nuclear medicine has played a huge role in the management of many HIV-associated disorders in the past and continues to help in the diagnosis, prognosis, staging, monitoring and assessing the response to treatment of many HIV-associated disorders. As our understanding of the molecular basis of disease increases nuclear medicine is poised to play an even greater role. In this review we highlight the functional basis of the clinicopathological correlation of HIV from a metabolic view and discuss how the use of nuclear medicine techniques, with particular emphasis of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose, may have impact in the setting of HIV. We also provide an overview of the role of nuclear medicine techniques in the management of HIV-associated disorders.

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PET/CT in Immunodeficiency Disorders

Ankrah

Sathekge

2018

PET/CT in Infection and Inflammation

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Role of nuclear medicine in neuroHIV

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Differentiating HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders From Alzheimer’s Disease: an Emerging Issue in Geriatric NeuroHIV

Differentiating HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders From Alzheimer’s Disease: an Emerging Issue in Geriatric NeuroHIV

The Role of Nuclear Medicine in the Staging and Management of Human Immune Deficiency Virus Infection and Associated Diseases

PET/CT in Immunodeficiency Disorders

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