Role of nucleus basalis in cholinergic control of cortical blood flow

Scremin, Oscar U.; Torres, Chris; Scremin, A.M. Erika; O'Neal, M. A.; Heuser, Deborah; Blisard, Karen S.

doi:10.1002/jnr.490280310

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The eects of BF lesions are controversial. Some authors report a decrease in both CBF and glucose metabolism (Iadecola et al 1983;Orzi et al 1988;Kiyosawa et al 1989;Gomi et al 1991), others do not observe any signi®cant change (Lamarca and Fibiger 1984;Namba et al 1991;Scremin et al 1991). We cannot rule out that, under conditions of high BF activity (wakefulness, REM sleep), an increase in frontal or parietal CBF would be partly due to the intervention of a BF vasomotor eect.…”

Section: Cerebral Blood¯ow As a Marker Of Neuronal Activity During Sleepmentioning

confidence: 83%

Functional neuroimaging of normal human sleep by positron emission tomography

Maquet

2000

Journal of Sleep Research

566

312

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Functional neuroimaging using positron emission tomography has recently yielded original data on the functional neuroanatomy of human sleep. This paper attempts to describe the possibilities and limitations of the technique and clarify its usefulness in sleep research. A short overview of the methods of acquisition and statistical analysis (statistical parametric mapping, SPM) is presented before the results of PET sleep studies are reviewed. The discussion attempts to integrate the functional neuroimaging data into the body of knowledge already acquired on sleep in animals and humans using various other techniques (intracellular recordings, in situ neurophysiology, lesional and pharmacological trials, scalp EEG recordings, behavioural or psychological description). The published PET data describe a very reproducible functional neuroanatomy in sleep. The core characteristics of this ‘canonical’ sleep may be summarized as follows. In slow‐wave sleep, most deactivated areas are located in the dorsal pons and mesencephalon, cerebellum, thalami, basal ganglia, basal forebrain/hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and in the mesial aspect of the temporal lobe. During rapid‐eye movement sleep, significant activations were found in the pontine tegmentum, thalamic nuclei, limbic areas (amygdaloid complexes, hippocampal formation, anterior cingulate cortex) and in the posterior cortices (temporo‐occipital areas). In contrast, the dorso‐lateral prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, as well as the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, were the least active brain regions. These preliminary studies open up a whole field in sleep research. More detailed explorations of sleep in humans are now accessible to experimental challenges using PET and other neuroimaging techniques. These new methods will contribute to a better understanding of sleep functions.

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Section: Cerebral Blood¯ow As a Marker Of Neuronal Activity During Sleepmentioning

confidence: 83%

Functional neuroimaging of normal human sleep by positron emission tomography

Maquet

2000

Journal of Sleep Research

566

312

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“…By comparison, excitotoxic lesions of the basal forebrain, which result in lower levels of cortical ChAT depletion (22%-50%; Scremin et al 1991;Waite and Thal 1996;Holschneider et al 1997), demonstrate a greater increase in cortical slow-wave power (15%-81%) and a greater decrease in high-frequency power (20%-58%; Riekkinen et al 1990Riekkinen et al , 1991Holschneider et al 1997). This suggest that some of the electrocortical changes following excitotoxic lesions of the basal forebrain may be due to the added damage of noncholinergic fibers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Changes in electrocortical power and coherence in response to the selective cholinergic immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin

Holschneider

Waite

Leuchter

et al. 1999

Experimental Brain Research

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Changes in brain electrical activity in response to cholinergic agonists, antagonists, or excitotoxic lesions of the basal forebrain may not be reflective entirely of changes in cholinergic tone, in so far as these interventions also involve noncholinergic neurons. We examined electrocortical activity in rats following bilateral intracerebroventricular administration of 192 IgG-saporin (1.8 μg/ventricle), a selective cholinergic immunotoxin directed to the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75. The immunotoxin resulted in extensive loss of choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) activity in neocortex (80%-84%) and hippocampus (93%), with relative sparing of entorhinalpiriform cortex (42%) and amygdala (28%). Electrocortical activity demonstrated modest increases in 1-to 4-Hz power, decreases in 20-to 44-Hz power, and decreases in 4-to 8-Hz intraand interhemispheric coherence. Rhythmic slow activity (RSA) occurred robustly in toxin-treated animals during voluntary movement and in response to physostigmine, with no significant differences seen in power and peak frequency in comparison with controls. Physostigmine significantly increased intrahemispheric coherence in lesioned and intact animals, with minor increases seen in interhemispheric coherence. Our study suggests that: (1) electrocortical changes in response to selective cholinergic deafferentation are more modest than those previously reported following excitotoxic lesions; (2) changes in cholinergic tone affect primarily brain electrical transmission within, in contrast to between hemispheres; and (3) a substantial

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“…The rCBF increase evoked from BF is independent of metabolism (Kimura et al, 1990) and mediated by cholinergic mechanisms (Dauphin et al, 1991;Scremin et al, 1991;Sato and Sato, 1992;Zhang et al, 1995). We hypothesized that the BF might mediate the vasodilation evoked by the stimulation of the SVA.…”

Section: Effects Of Electrolytic Lesion Of Basal Forebrain On Svaevokmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurons of a Limited Subthalamic Area Mediate Elevations in Cortical Cerebral Blood Flow Evoked by Hypoxia and Excitation of Neurons of the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla

2001

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Sympathoexcitatory reticulospinal neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) are oxygen detectors excited by hypoxia to globally elevate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). The projection, which accounts for Ͼ50% of hypoxic cerebral vasodilation, relays through the medullary vasodilator area (MCVA). However, there are no direct cortical projections from the RVLM/MCVA, suggesting a relay that diffusely innervates cortex and possibly originates in thalamic nuclei. Systematic mapping by electrical microstimulation of the thalamus and subthalamus revealed that elevations in rCBF were elicited only from a limited area, which encompassed medial pole of zona incerta, Forel's field, and prerubral zone. Stimulation (10 sec train) at an active site increased rCBF by 25 Ϯ 6%. Excitation of local neurons with kainic acid mimicked effects of electrical stimulation by increasing rCBF. Stimulation of the subthalamic cerebrovasodilator area (SVA) with single pulses (0.5 msec; 80 A) triggered cortical EEG burst-CBF wave complexes with latency 24 Ϯ 5 msec, which were similar in shape to complexes evoked from the MCVA. Selective bilateral lesioning of the SVA neurons (ibotenic acid, 2 g, 200 nl) blocked the vasodilation elicited from the MCVA and attenuated hypoxic cerebrovasodilation by 52 Ϯ 12% ( p Ͻ 0.05), whereas hypercarbic vasodilation remained preserved. Lesioning of the vasodilator site in the basal forebrain failed to modify SVA-evoked rCBF increase. We conclude that (1) excitation of intrinsic neurons of functionally restricted region of subthalamus elevates rCBF, (2) these neurons relay signals from the MCVA, which elevate rCBF in response to hypoxia, and (3) the SVA is a functionally important site conveying vasodilator signal from the medulla to the telencephalon.

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Role of nucleus basalis in cholinergic control of cortical blood flow

Cited by 24 publications

References 60 publications

Functional neuroimaging of normal human sleep by positron emission tomography

Functional neuroimaging of normal human sleep by positron emission tomography

Changes in electrocortical power and coherence in response to the selective cholinergic immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin

Neurons of a Limited Subthalamic Area Mediate Elevations in Cortical Cerebral Blood Flow Evoked by Hypoxia and Excitation of Neurons of the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla

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