Role of Obesogens in the Pathogenesis of Obesity

Shahnazaryan, Urszula; Wójcik, Marta; Bednarczuk, Tomasz; Kuryłowicz, Alina

doi:10.3390/medicina55090515

Cited by 27 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Fundamentally, obesity results from a chronic imbalance between energy intake and expenditure (Hill et al, 2012 ; Romieu et al, 2017 ; Swift et al, 2018 ; Oussaada et al, 2019 ). This imbalance is caused by numerous biological factors including: genetics (Bell et al, 2005 ; Singh et al, 2017 ; Loos, 2018 ), metabolism (Timper and Brüning, 2017 ; Speakman, 2018 ; Fernández-Verdejo et al, 2019 ), and the gut microbiome (John and Mullin, 2016 ; Martinez et al, 2016 ; Torres-Fuentes et al, 2017 ), as well as environmental factors such as chemical exposure (Janesick and Blumberg, 2016 ; Heindel and Blumberg, 2019 ; Shahnazaryan et al, 2019 ) and diet, particularly in the context of overfeeding relative to physical activity levels (Sims, 1976 ; Danforth, 1985 ; Schmidt et al, 2012 ; Cuthbertson et al, 2017 ; Creasy et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Background Shapes Phenotypic Response to Diet for Adiposity in the Collaborative Cross

et al. 2021

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Defined as chronic excessive accumulation of adiposity, obesity results from long-term imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The mechanisms behind how caloric imbalance occurs are complex and influenced by numerous biological and environmental factors, especially genetics, and diet. Population-based diet recommendations have had limited success partly due to the wide variation in physiological responses across individuals when they consume the same diet. Thus, it is necessary to broaden our understanding of how individual genetics and diet interact relative to the development of obesity for improving weight loss treatment. To determine how consumption of diets with different macronutrient composition alter adiposity and other obesity-related traits in a genetically diverse population, we analyzed body composition, metabolic rate, clinical blood chemistries, and circulating metabolites in 22 strains of mice from the Collaborative Cross (CC), a highly diverse recombinant inbred mouse population, before and after 8 weeks of feeding either a high protein or high fat high sucrose diet. At both baseline and post-diet, adiposity and other obesity-related traits exhibited a broad range of phenotypic variation based on CC strain; diet-induced changes in adiposity and other traits also depended largely on CC strain. In addition to estimating heritability at baseline, we also quantified the effect size of diet for each trait, which varied by trait and experimental diet. Our findings identified CC strains prone to developing obesity, demonstrate the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of the CC for studying complex traits, and highlight the importance of accounting for genetic differences when making dietary recommendations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Background Shapes Phenotypic Response to Diet for Adiposity in the Collaborative Cross

et al. 2021

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“…Desde la perspectiva evolutiva, el cuerpo humano no está desarrollado para la exposición constante a un ambiente rico en calorías y sedentario, ya que evolucionó en épocas de hambruna frecuente (Shahnazaryan, Wojcik, Bednarczuk & Kurylowicz, 2019;Karlsson & Beck, 2010). Las interacciones genético-ambientales subyacen a la flexibilidad en la regulación del peso corporal y de la grasa corporal, ilustrada por el estilo de vida de los cazadores-recolectores y la hambruna.…”

Section: Conceptualización Actual De La Obesidadunclassified

“…Las interacciones genético-ambientales subyacen a la flexibilidad en la regulación del peso corporal y de la grasa corporal, ilustrada por el estilo de vida de los cazadores-recolectores y la hambruna. Actualmente, la variación en la actividad física a lo largo de la vida es mayor en la edad reproductiva, la variación en la ingesta de energía a través de «comer en ausencia de hambre», mientras se corre el riesgo de exceder la capacidad de almacenamiento de triacilglicéridos, lo que conlleva a problemas metabólicos y de lipotoxicidad (Heitmann, et al, 2012;Shahnazaryan, et al, 2019).…”

Section: Conceptualización Actual De La Obesidadunclassified

“…Ahora bien, entre la comunidad científica existe consenso sobre una etiología multifactorial de la obesidad (Shahnazaryan, et al, 2019;Sliwowska, et al, 2019;Stols-Goncalves, et al, 2019;Zarghani & Alizadeh, 2019;Di Domenico, et al, 2019). El ambiente obesogénico como la principal etiología de la obesidad, involucra elementos del entorno social, económico y cultural, que favorecen hábitos de sobrealimentación y de reducción de actividad física (ªengör & Gezer, 2019;Gilbert, Raman & Sui, 2019;Shahnazaryan, 2019;Parra-Ruiz, et al, 2019;Parrillo, et al, 2019;Masuzaki, et al, 2019;Bashiardes, et al, 2018;Avalos, et al, 2018;Heitmann, et al, 2012;Karlsson & Beck, 2010).…”

Section: Conceptualización Actual De La Obesidadunclassified

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Revisión de la obesidad como concepto científico (Obesity review as a scientific concept)

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El lenguaje según Noam Chomsky, es una capacidad innata que puede emplearse para comunicar la ciencia. Analizar el término obesidad como concepto científico, permitirá su correcto abordaje epistemológico para contribuir con la investigación científica multidisciplinaria que busca reducir esta pandemia. La obesidad es una acumulación excesiva de grasa corporal, por encima de las necesidades fisiológicas y capacidad de adaptación, que puede conducir a efectos adversos para la salud, como una discapacidad. Se considera un estado en el que el tejido adiposo representa más del 20% del peso corporal total en hombres y el 25% en mujeres. Un IMC de 30 kg/m2 o más se cataloga como obesidad. Desde una perspectiva genética, la obesidad es clasificada en tres subdivisiones de acuerdo con el trastorno y número de genes involucrados: monogénica, sindrómica y poligénica. Para las ciencias sociales, involucra un problema sociocultural injertado en una predisposición a nivel individual. Desde la perspectiva evolutiva, el cuerpo humano no está desarrollado para la exposición constante a un ambiente rico en calorías y sedentario. Comprender las perspectivas teóricas actuales que conceptualizan a la obesidad, estipulada como patología en sí misma, como factor de riesgo para las demás enfermedades no transmisibles y como etiología indirecta de discapacidad, permitirá que la investigación científica pueda desarrollarse con panoramas más amplios, a través de su diseño con variables, categorías y teorías mixtas, que permitan formular hipótesis y explicaciones con un enfoque multidisciplinario, en concordancia con la etiología multifactorial de la obesidad. Abstract. Language according to Noam Chomsky, is an innate ability that can be used to communicate science. Analyzing the term obesity as a scientific concept will allow its correct epistemological approach to contribute to multidisciplinary scientific research that seeks to reduce this pandemic. Obesity is an excessive accumulation of body fat, in excess of physiological needs and adaptability, which can lead to adverse health effects, such as disability. It is considered a state in which adipose tissue represents more than 20% of total body weight in men and 25% in women. A BMI of 30 kg / m2 or more is classified as obesity. From a genetic perspective, obesity is classified into three subdivisions according to the disorder and number of genes involved: monogenic, syndromic and polygenic. For the social sciences, it involves a sociocultural problem grafted onto a predisposition at the individual level. From an evolutionary perspective, the human body is not developed for constant exposure to a calorie-rich and sedentary environment. Understanding the current theoretical perspectives that conceptualize obesity, stipulated as a pathology in itself, as a risk factor for other non-communicable diseases and as an indirect etiology of disability, will allow scientific research to be developed with broader perspectives, through its design with mixed variables, categories and theories, which allow the formulation of hypotheses and explanations with a multidisciplinary approach, in accordance with the multifactorial etiology of obesity.

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“…A more modern approach classifies phytoestrogens according to their primary mechanism of action as selective estrogen modulators (SERMs) or selective tissue estrogen action regulators (STEAR) [10][11][12]. Supplementation with phytoestrogens may confer a range of beneficial effects [13,14]. These include, but are not limited to, the alleviation of symptoms that are associated with estrogen deficiency in women, the improvement of insulin sensitivity, glucose and cholesterol metabolism, all resulting in a reduced risk of atherosclerosis [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Abdominal Obesity and Its Complications with Dietary Phytoestrogens

2020

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In the assessment of the health risk of an obese individual, both the amount of adipose tissue and its distribution and metabolic activity are essential. In adults, the distribution of adipose tissue differs in a gender-dependent manner and is regulated by sex steroids, especially estrogens. Estrogens affect adipocyte differentiation but are also involved in the regulation of the lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory activity of the adipose tissue. Their deficiency results in unfavorable changes in body composition and increases the risk of metabolic complications, which can be partially reversed by hormone replacement therapy. Therefore, the idea of the supplementation of estrogen-like compounds to counteract obesity and related complications is compelling. Phytoestrogens are natural plant-derived dietary compounds that resemble human estrogens in their chemical structure and biological activity. Supplementation with phytoestrogens may confer a range of beneficial effects. However, results of studies on the influence of phytoestrogens on body composition and prevalence of obesity are inconsistent. In this review, we present data from in vitro, animal, and human studies regarding the role of phytoestrogens in adipose tissue development and function in the context of their potential application in the prevention of visceral obesity and related complications.

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Role of Obesogens in the Pathogenesis of Obesity

Cited by 27 publications

References 59 publications

Genetic Background Shapes Phenotypic Response to Diet for Adiposity in the Collaborative Cross

Genetic Background Shapes Phenotypic Response to Diet for Adiposity in the Collaborative Cross

Revisión de la obesidad como concepto científico (Obesity review as a scientific concept)

Targeting Abdominal Obesity and Its Complications with Dietary Phytoestrogens

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