Role of osteoclasts in oral homeostasis and jawbone diseases

Omi, Maiko; Mishina, Yuji

doi:10.1002/osi2.1078

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 144 publications

(238 reference statements)

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“…The reason for this elevated bone turnover in alveolar bone is not clearly understood. It is possible that one of the reasons for the fast bone remodeling is mechanical stimulation during mastication (Omi & Mishina, 2020 ). Bone mass and architecture change as a result of adaptation to mechanical forces.…”

Section: Roles Of Osteoclasts In Alveolar Bone Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of osteoclasts in alveolar bone remodeling

Omi

Mishina

2022

Genesis

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Summary Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells from hematopoietic origin and are responsible for bone resorption. A balance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation is critical to maintain bone homeostasis. The alveolar bone, also called the alveolar process, is the part of the jawbone that holds the teeth and supports oral functions. It differs from other skeletal bones in several aspects: its embryonic cellular origin, the form of ossification, and the presence of teeth and periodontal tissues; hence, understanding the unique characteristic of the alveolar bone remodeling is important to maintain oral homeostasis. Excessive osteoclastic bone resorption is one of the prominent features of bone diseases in the jaw such as periodontitis. Therefore, inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorptive process has been the target of therapeutic intervention. Understanding the mechanisms of osteoclastic bone resorption is critical for the effective treatment of bone diseases in the jaw. In this review, we discuss basic principles of alveolar bone remodeling with a specific focus on the osteoclastic bone resorptive process and its unique functions in the alveolar bone. Lastly, we provide perspectives on osteoclast‐targeted therapies and regenerative approaches associated with bone diseases in the jaw.

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Section: Roles Of Osteoclasts In Alveolar Bone Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of osteoclasts in alveolar bone remodeling

Omi

Mishina

2022

Genesis

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“…Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells formed by the cytoplasmic fusion of mononuclear precursors and play a role in removing the bone trabeculae formed below the growth plate [ 42 , 43 ]. RAW 264.7 cells are known to be a suitable model of macrophages and are known to readily differentiate into osteoclasts upon exposure to RANKL [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Taraxaci Herba on Bone Loss in an OVX-Induced Model through the Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation

Heo

Kim

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Bone is a dynamic tissue that maintains homeostasis with a balance of osteoclasts for bone resorption and osteoblasts for bone formation. Women are deficient in estrogen after menopause, which promotes bone resorption due to excessive activity of osteoclasts, leading to osteoporosis. TH (also known as dandelion) is native to warm regions and has traditionally been used to treat gynecological diseases and inflammation. Menopause is a major cause of osteoporosis as it causes abnormal activity of osteoclasts, and various studies have shown that anti-inflammatory drugs have the potential to treat osteoporosis. We analyzed the effect of TH on osteoclast differentiation and the relevant mechanisms using RANKL. After administration of TH in a menopause-like rat model in which ovariectomy of the was rats carried out, changes in bone microstructure were analyzed via micro-CT, and the antiosteoporosis effect of TH was verified by a histological analysis. In addition, the pharmacological effects of TH in an animal model of osteoporosis were compared and analyzed with osteoporosis medications (17β-estradiol (E2) and alendronate (ALN)). TH significantly inhibited the initial osteoclast differentiation via the NFATc1/c-Fos mechanism. In addition, bone density in the femur of osteoporotic rats was increased, and the expression of osteoclast-related factors in the serum and tissues was controlled. The results of this study provide objective evidence of the inhibitory effect of TH on osteoclastogenesis and OVX-induced bone loss.

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“…Besides, some antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs such as BPs and denosumab target osteoclasts [ 18 ], leading to the fragility of mandibular osteoclasts. It has been reported that the mandibular osteoclasts express higher anti-apoptotic genes and capture more BPs [ 69 ]. Nowadays, more and more clinical cases of mandibular defects are associated with bone resection and tumor ablation caused by osteoclast-related diseases (BRONJ, periodontitis, cherubism, and suppurative jaw osteomyelitis) [ 70 ].…”

Section: Unique Mode Of Bone Formation and Resorption In The Mandiblementioning

confidence: 99%