Role of Oxidative Stress in Varicocele

Wang, Kaixian; Gao, Yuanyuan; Wang, Chen; Liang, Meng; Liao, Yaping; Hu, Ke

doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.850114

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…However left side develops more varicocele. (23,24,25) In the current study most of the varicocele were Grade I 53 (49.53%), followed by Grade II which was found in 43 (40.19%) individuals while grade III varicocele was least common and found in 11 (10.28%) individuals. Similarly, in the findings of a study grade I was seen in 9%, grade II 53%, and grade III 38% of the participants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Provocative measures in the sonographic evaluation of varicocele in obese patients and relation of different grades of varicocele with intra-testicular hemodynamics

Hasan,

Gilani,

Hanif

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Doppler ultrasonography is typically used to diagnose as a non-invasive imaging technique for the evaluation of varicocele. The Valsalva maneuver and standing position cause reflux of blood through incompetent venous valves, aiding in identifying the varicocele. Varicocele also compromises blood return and leads to an increase in intratesticular artery resistance and pulsatility. However, the efficacy of the standing position Valsalva maneuver and intratesticular artery resistance and pulsatility indices in obese patients for diagnosing varicocele remains uncertain. Obesity presents unique challenges during sonography due to increased adipose tissue and altered venous hemodynamics. Objective To evaluate the effect of standing position and Valsalva maneuver on the sonographic diagnosis of varicocele in obese patients and the relation of different grades of varicocele with intratesticular hemodynamics. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at Gilani Ultrasound Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, from March 2019 to October 2023 on 107 obese male patients, and comprised aged 20–45 years diagnosed with varicocele and infertility having varicocele. Patients with testicular surgery, anomalous genitalia, lower limb edema, abdominal ascites or pleural effusion were excluded. Results The mean age of 30.16 ± 3.62 (23 to 39) years. The mean of BMI was 34.51 ± 2.09 (30 to 40), the mean of right-sided varicose veins diameter in laying position was 2.16 ± 0.75 (0.8 to 5.1)mm, while the mean of right-sided varicose veins diameter in standing position was 2.5 ± 0.86 (1.1 to 6.0)mm, and the mean of left-sided varicose veins diameter in laying position was 2.63 ± 0.68 (0.9 to 5.5)mm, while the mean of left-sided varicose veins diameter in standing position was 3.11 ± 0.75 (1.3 to 6.4)mm. The mean of right-sided intratesticular artery resistive index was 0.63 ± 0.07 (0.49 to 0.88), while the mean of left-sided intratesticular artery resistive index was 0.67 ± 0.07 (0.50 to 0.92). Conclusion A significant impact of the provocative measures like standing position and Valsalva maneuver is observed on the sonographic diagnosis of varicocele and statically significant increases in the intratesticular artery resistive and pulsatility indices were noted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Provocative measures in the sonographic evaluation of varicocele in obese patients and relation of different grades of varicocele with intra-testicular hemodynamics

Hasan,

Gilani,

Hanif

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…When the testis is stimulated by external stimuli or harmful substances, it will generate a defensive response, and the testis will produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) ( 30 ). The excessive ROS produced exceed the antioxidant scavenging capacity of the testis, causing peroxidative damage to the testis ( 31 ). MDA is a product of lipid peroxidation and its amount can be used as a marker to assess oxidative damage ( 32 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and mechanism of lipoic acid in the treatment of reproductive injury caused by perfluorooctanoic acid

et al. 2023

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Environmental pollutants, including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), cause severe reproductive damage to humans and animals. Lipoic acid (LA) is a strong antioxidant that alleviates the oxidative damage caused by heavy metals, environmental toxicants, chemical poisons, etc. Therefore, the present study investigated the curative effect and mechanism of LA in treating spermatogenesis dysfunction caused by PFOA. A rat reproductive injury model was established by gavage of PFOA for consecutive 30 days and then rats were treated with different doses of LA for 42 days. The effects were assessed by ELISA, western blotting, H&E staining and immunofluorescence staining. The results demonstrated that LA had ameliorating effects on PFOA-induced reproductive injury in rats, it increased the sperm counts, and the levels of serum succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase returned to normal levels following LA treatment. In addition, LA promoted the expression of estradiol, reduced the expression of serum sex hormones, such as follicle-stimulating hormone, androgen receptor (AR) and malondialdehyde in the testes, and restored the structure of seminiferous tubules. Its therapeutic mechanisms include regulating the testicular oxidative stress pathway and hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis.

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“…Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of testicular tissue damage induced by VC (Lai et al, 2022). Oxidative stress produces excessive ROS, which can not only lead to male infertility through lipid peroxidation or DNA damage but also lead to male infertility by inactivating enzymes and proteins in spermatogenesis (Wang et al, 2022). VC causes excessive ROS in testicular tissue, and can also cause testicular germ cell apoptosis, resulting in decreased spermatogenesis (Dolatkhah et al, 2020;Chakraborty and Roychoudhury, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mailuoshutong pill for varicocele-associated male infertility—Phytochemical characterisation and multitarget mechanism

Ji²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background: Varicocele (VC) is a relatively common and treatable cause of male infertility. Mailuoshutong pill (MLST), a traditional Chinese patent medicine, is widely used for treating varicose vein disease, but the underlying mechanism of MLST on varicocele-associated male infertility is unclear.Objective: To reveal the phytochemical characterisation and multitarget mechanism of MLST on varicocele-associated male infertility.Methods: The components in MLST were determined using UHPLC-MS/MS. Through network analysis, we constructed the “Drug-Components-Targets-Disease” network and predicted the potential biological functions and signaling pathways of MLST. Finally, the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of MLST were discovered by pharmacological experiments.Results: By network analysis, the “Drug-Components-Targets-Disease” network was constructed, 62 components such as apigenin, limonin, kaempferol, and obacunoic acid may be the main active components of MLST for varicocele-associated male infertility, 28 targets such as VEGFA, PIK3CA, AKT1, and MTOR are considered as hub targets, signaling pathways such as HIF-1, Estrogen, PI3K/Akt, and mTOR may be key pathways for MLST against varicocele-associated male infertility. Through pharmacological experiments, we found that MLST ameliorated VC-induced testicular atrophy. Further histomorphology showed that MLST reduced VC-induced damage to testicular spermatogonia and seminiferous tubule, while MLST reduced ROS and MDA levels and increased antioxidant enzymes (GSH, GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT) levels. TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence showed that MLST reduced VC-induced apoptosis in testicular tissue, decreased BAX, and increased BCL2. Western blot results showed that MLST decreased the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR proteins, and decreased the expression of HIF1α.Conclusion: The phytochemical characterisation and multitarget mechanism of MLST on varicocele-associated male infertility were discovered using network analysis and pharmacological experiments. We verified that MLST can inhibit the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, reduce the expression of HIF1α, and further attenuate VC-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the testis. These findings provide evidence for the therapeutic role of MLST in varicocele-associated male infertility.

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Role of Oxidative Stress in Varicocele

Cited by 33 publications

References 83 publications

Provocative measures in the sonographic evaluation of varicocele in obese patients and relation of different grades of varicocele with intra-testicular hemodynamics

Provocative measures in the sonographic evaluation of varicocele in obese patients and relation of different grades of varicocele with intra-testicular hemodynamics

Efficacy and mechanism of lipoic acid in the treatment of reproductive injury caused by perfluorooctanoic acid

Mailuoshutong pill for varicocele-associated male infertility—Phytochemical characterisation and multitarget mechanism

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