Role of Oxidative Stress in Ocular Diseases Associated with Retinal Ganglion Cells Degeneration

Kang, Eugene Yu-Chuan; Liu, Pei-Kang; Wen, Yao‐Tseng; Quinn, Peter M J; Levi, Sarah R.; Wang, Nan-Kai; Tsai, Rong‐Kung

doi:10.3390/antiox10121948

Cited by 49 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 249 publications

(325 reference statements)

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“… 6 In order to maintain normal signal transmission, RGCs require a healthy population of mitochondria with adequate biogenesis, transportation, and remodeling. 7 Furthermore, these mitochondria are highly dynamic—they are continuously changing their location, fusion, and fission in order to meet their energetic demand. 8 …”

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confidence: 99%

Photoreceptor Manifestations of Primary Mitochondrial Optic Nerve Disorders

Chang

Kang

Liu

et al. 2022

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose To compare the manifestations of photoreceptors (PRs) in three hereditary optic neuropathies affected by primary mitochondrial dysfunction and discuss whether the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) or the PRs are preferentially affected. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients with genetically confirmed diagnoses of optic neuropathies associated with mitochondrial dysfunction was performed. This cohort included Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), autosomal dominant optic atrophy type 1 (OPA1), and optic atrophy type 13 (OPA13). Patient chart evaluations included clinical characteristics, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), electroretinogram (ERG), and visual evoked potential data. Results This analysis included seven patients with LHON, six with OPA1, and one with OPA13 from a tertiary medical center. Thirteen of the 14 individuals were male. The average BCVA at diagnosis was 20/285 and 20/500 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Five of the seven patients with LHON, and three of the six patients with OPA1 also showed a mild amplitude reduction or delayed latency on light-adapted ERG and 30-Hz flicker responses; however, SD-OCT imaging did not show correlated PR abnormalities. Notably, a 7-year follow-up of a patient with OPA13 revealed degeneration of RGCs prior to the degeneration of PRs. Follow-up data also demonstrated continuous loss of cone outer segment tips on SD-OCT imaging. Conclusions RGCs are, in general, affected by mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas variable PR dysfunction exists in patients with LHON and OPA1, especially with respect to the cone responses. Involvement of PRs is particularly evident in OPA13 after RGC degenerations.

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confidence: 99%

Photoreceptor Manifestations of Primary Mitochondrial Optic Nerve Disorders

Chang

Kang

Liu

et al. 2022

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…In addition to causing DNA damage [3], ultraviolet (UV) light can also cause photo-oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxidative species (ROS) [4]. ROS lead to cell damage and aging, resulting in corneal degeneration, lens opacification (cataracts), and the occurrence of eye diseases, including various retinal and optic nerve degenerative diseases, such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) [5][6][7]. In recent years, with the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer [8] and the popularity of light-emitting diode (LED) electronic products [9,10], the long-term photo-oxidative stress brought on by the environment to the eyes is bound to increase the prevalence of these degenerative ocular diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathomechanism, Antioxidant Biomarkers, and Treatment of Oxidative Stress-Related Eye Diseases

Hsueh

Chen

Tsao

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Oxidative stress is an important pathomechanism found in numerous ocular degenerative diseases. To provide a better understanding of the mechanism and treatment of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance-induced ocular diseases, this article summarizes and provides updates on the relevant research. We review the oxidative damage (e.g., lipid peroxidation, DNA lesions, autophagy, and apoptosis) that occurs in different areas of the eye (e.g., cornea, anterior chamber, lens, retina, and optic nerve). We then introduce the antioxidant mechanisms present in the eye, as well as the ocular diseases that occur as a result of antioxidant imbalances (e.g., keratoconus, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma), the relevant antioxidant biomarkers, and the potential of predictive diagnostics. Finally, we discuss natural antioxidant therapies for oxidative stress-related ocular diseases.

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“…Neurodegeneration caused by ROS is considered a modifiable factor of glaucoma onset and progression [ 13 , 14 ]. ROS is mainly generated by the metabolism of the mitochondria and neutralized by antioxidants [ 15 ]. We previously reported that lower levels of serum biologic antioxidant potential were correlated with higher levels of IOP and with greater visual field loss in primary open-angle glaucoma (PG) [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fingertip-Measured Skin Carotenoids and Advanced Glycation End Product Levels in Glaucoma

et al. 2022

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Carotenoids have antioxidant properties, and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is associated with reactive oxygen species production; they have attracted attention as factors predictive of the onset and progression in glaucoma. Fingertip measurement is applicable for carotenoids and AGEs due to its noninvasiveness and simplicity. The study included 663 eyes of 663 Japanese subjects (357 males, 306 females). The mean age was 69.9 years with a standard deviation of 11.0. The study population comprised participants with primary open-angle glaucoma (PG) (n = 358), exfoliation glaucoma (EG) (n = 168), and controls (n = 137). Multivariate models suggested that lower skin carotenoid (SC) levels were associated with male gender (standard β = −0.14), AGE scores (−0.24), and a history of intraocular surgery (−0.22). Higher SC levels were associated with higher vegetable intake scores (0.21 for score 3) and diabetes (0.10). However, no association was seen between SCs and glaucoma type. AGEs levels were negatively associated with carotenoid scores (−0.25), PG (−0.15), and smoking habits (−0.26) and positively correlated with EG (0.14). SCs and AGEs were negatively correlated in the single regression analysis (r = −0.20, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, higher levels of AGEs may be candidates for systemic biomarkers of glaucoma associated with the exfoliation syndrome. SC levels can reflect self-reported daily vegetable intake.

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Role of Oxidative Stress in Ocular Diseases Associated with Retinal Ganglion Cells Degeneration

Cited by 49 publications

References 249 publications

Photoreceptor Manifestations of Primary Mitochondrial Optic Nerve Disorders

Photoreceptor Manifestations of Primary Mitochondrial Optic Nerve Disorders

The Pathomechanism, Antioxidant Biomarkers, and Treatment of Oxidative Stress-Related Eye Diseases

Fingertip-Measured Skin Carotenoids and Advanced Glycation End Product Levels in Glaucoma

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