Role of PCBM in the Suppression of Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhong, Yu; Hufnagel, Martin; Thelakkat, Mukundan; Li, Cheng; Huettner, Sven

doi:10.1002/adfm.201908920

Cited by 131 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…After 22 d in air, its PCE remained at above 95% of its initial efficiency and it managed to withstand more than 25 h of continuous thermal stress at 85 °C [ 110 ]. Although some materials do not form a chemical reaction with perovskite materials, PCBM and PMMA have been successfully used to passivate defects in perovskites [ 111 , 112 , 114 , 115 ]. Small-sized passivation molecules can be spontaneously distributed in the grain boundary to enhance the passivation effect of the grain boundary defects of hybrid perovskites [ 48 , 58 , 100 , 116 , 117 ].…”

Section: Interface Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Interface Passivation of Perovskite Layer

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the most promising substitute for silicon-based solar cells. However, their power conversion efficiency and stability must be improved. The recombination probability of the photogenerated carriers at each interface in a PSC is much greater than that of the bulk phase. The interface of a perovskite polycrystalline film is considered to be a defect-rich area, which is the main factor limiting the efficiency of a PSC. This review introduces and summarizes practical interface engineering techniques for improving the efficiency and stability of organic–inorganic lead halide PSCs. First, the effect of defects at the interface of the PSCs, the energy level alignment, and the chemical reactions on the efficiency of a PSC are summarized. Subsequently, the latest developments pertaining to a modification of the perovskite layers with different materials are discussed. Finally, the prospect of achieving an efficient PSC with long-term stability through the use of interface engineering is presented.

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Section: Interface Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Interface Passivation of Perovskite Layer

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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“…One of the promising approaches is to introduce passivation molecules as an additive into the perovskite materials in which those additive molecules act as electron acceptors or donors for the neutralization of the charged point defects. [ 24 ] Lewis acid molecules (such as phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC 60 BM)) accept electrons from negatively charged defects, [ 25 ] such as uncoordinated halide ions (e.g., I − ), [ 25,26 ] whereas Lewis base molecules (such as pyridine and thiophene) donate electrons to positively charged defects, such as uncoordinated lead ions (e.g., Pb 2+ ). [ 27–31 ] Although each of these cases demonstrates reasonable improvement in the performance of PeSCs, the application of Lewis acid or base molecules is capable of suppressing only the negatively or positively charged defects; thus the oppositely charged defects remain in the perovskite materials.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…uncoordinated halide ions (e.g., I − ), [25,26] whereas Lewis base molecules (such as pyridine and thiophene) donate electrons to positively charged defects, such as uncoordinated lead ions (e.g., Pb 2+ ). [27][28][29][30][31] Although each of these cases demonstrates reasonable improvement in the performance of PeSCs, the application of Lewis acid or base molecules is capable of suppressing only the negatively or positively charged defects; thus the oppositely charged defects remain in the perovskite materials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneously Passivating Cation and Anion Defects in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Zwitterionic Amino Acid Additive

Kim

Park

et al. 2020

Small

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Ionic defects (e.g., organic cations and halide anions), preferably residing along grain boundaries (GBs) and on perovskite film surfaces, are known to be a major source of the notorious environmental instability of perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). Although passivating ionic defects is desirable, previous approaches using Lewis base or acid molecules as additives suppress only the negatively or positively charged defects, thus leaving oppositely charged defects. In this work, both the cationic and anionic defects inside methyl ammonium lead tri‐iodide (MAPbI3) are simultaneously passivated by introducing a zwitterionic form of the amino acid, L‐alanine, into the precursor solution as an additive. L‐alanine has both positive (NH3+) and negative (COO−) functional groups at a specific solvent pH, thereby passivating both the cation and anion defects in MAPbI3. The addition of L‐alanine increases the grain size of the perovskite crystals and lengthens the charge carrier lifetime (τ > 1 µs), leading to improved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 20.3% (from 18.3% without an additive) for small‐area (4.64 mm2) devices and 15.6% (from 13.5%) for large‐area submodules (9.06 cm2). More importantly, the authors’ approach also significantly enhances the shelf storage and photoirradiation stabilities of PeSCs.

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“…Previous studies have recognized the strong hysteresis behavior for planar PSCs based on the compact TiO 2 film due to the high capacitance between the TiO 2 /perovskite interface. [ 29,54–56 ] We then investigate the effect of a compact TiO 2 ETL annealed under different conditions on the hysteresis behaviors of the PSCs, as shown in Figure 4d. We calculate the hysteresis index (HI) based on Equation () [ 57 ]

HI = \frac{{PCE}_{RS} - {PCE}_{FS}}{{PCE}_{RS}}

where PCE FS is the PCE measured from the forward scan, and PCE RS is the PCE measured from the reverse scan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast and Scalable Laser‐Induced Crystallization of Titanium Dioxide Films for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Chen

Guo

et al. 2020

Solar RRL

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TiO 2 has been recognized as a promising material for a wide range of emerging applications, including hydrogen generation, [1] CO 2 reduction, [2] degradation of organic pollutants, [3] self-cleaning coating, [4] quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells, [5] dyesensitized solar cells (DSSCs), [6] and more recently perovskite solar cells (PSCs). [7,8] Thermal annealing is a critical process involved in the fabrication of TiO 2 films for PSCs. For instance, a compact TiO 2 film that acts as an electron transport layer (ETL) for PSCs usually requires an annealing temperature of over 400 C to induce the crystallization from its amorphous precursor to anatase. [9,10] The fabrication of the mesoporous TiO 2 film for mesoscopic PSCs also needs high-temperature sintering of around 450-550 C to remove organic binders from TiO 2 paste and promote the interconnection between the TiO 2 nanoparticles. [11,12] A typical conventional annealing method is a time-consuming batch process involving the uses of a hotplate, furnace, or oven, for 1-3 h to fabricate these layers, including a long cooling period. [12-14] Such a process makes it challenging to develop high throughput or in-line production of PSCs. Therefore, there is a need to develop an alternative annealing method, enabling the rapid and scalable production of high-quality metal oxide films for PSCs for future commercialization. In addition, conventional annealing methods are commonly limited to below 550 C to avoid glass substrate bending or breakage due to a glass transition temperature of 564 C for substrate based on soda-lime glass. [15] Previous studies have suggested that an annealing temperature beyond 600 C enhances the crystallinity of the TiO 2 films and interconnection between the nanoparticles, which improves the performance of the PSCs and other devices. [13,16-18] To date, several alternative annealing methods have been developed to fabricate TiO 2 ETL for PSCs and DSSCs. For instance, Watson et al. demonstrated the use of an ultrafast near-IR (NIR) heating process to sinter mesoporous TiO 2 film on metal substrates for DSSCs. [19] Sánchez et al. developed a rapid flash IR method to anneal mesoporous TiO 2 film for PSCs with a peak temperature of %640 C and achieved a production rate of 15 cm 2 min À1 (1 cm 2 in 4 s). [11] Kim et al. demonstrated a flame annealing process to anneal the TiO 2 film for PSCs and DSSCs with a peak temperature up to 1000 C and

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Role of PCBM in the Suppression of Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 131 publications

References 62 publications

Review of Interface Passivation of Perovskite Layer

Review of Interface Passivation of Perovskite Layer

Simultaneously Passivating Cation and Anion Defects in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Zwitterionic Amino Acid Additive

Ultrafast and Scalable Laser‐Induced Crystallization of Titanium Dioxide Films for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

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