Role of pendant side-chain length in determining polymer 3D printability

Jain, Tanmay; Clay, William; Tseng, Yen-Ming; Vishwakarma, Apoorva; Narayanan, Amal; Ortiz, Deliris; Liu, Qianhui; Joy, Abraham

doi:10.1039/c9py00879a

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Most recently, Joy and co‐workers systematically studied the relationship between saturated, aliphatic pendant side chain length and 3D printability. [ 66 ] It was found that an increase of side chain length could reduce viscosity and enable extrusion at low temperature and pressure, while long chain length could adversely affect the ability to retain a 3D printed shape. In another work, the commonly overlooked issue of possible degradation in thermoplastic aliphatic polyesters during FFF process was studied.…”

Section: Materials Designs For 3d Printabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extrusion 3D Printing of Polymeric Materials with Advanced Properties

et al. 2020

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3D printing is a rapidly growing technology that has an enormous potential to impact a wide range of industries such as engineering, art, education, medicine, and aerospace. The flexibility in design provided by this technique offers many opportunities for manufacturing sophisticated 3D devices. The most widely utilized method is an extrusion‐based solid‐freeform fabrication approach, which is an extremely attractive additive manufacturing technology in both academic and industrial research communities. This method is versatile, with the ability to print a range of dimensions, multimaterial, and multifunctional 3D structures. It is also a very affordable technique in prototyping. However, the lack of variety in printable polymers with advanced material properties becomes the main bottleneck in further development of this technology. Herein, a comprehensive review is provided, focusing on material design strategies to achieve or enhance the 3D printability of a range of polymers including thermoplastics, thermosets, hydrogels, and other polymers by extrusion techniques. Moreover, diverse advanced properties exhibited by such printed polymers, such as mechanical strength, conductance, self‐healing, as well as other integrated properties are highlighted. Lastly, the stimuli responsiveness of the 3D printed polymeric materials including shape morphing, degradability, and color changing is also discussed.

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Section: Materials Designs For 3d Printabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of dynamic bonds which undergo reversible breaking, exchange and reformation could be utilized to modify the printability of polymers as well as imparting various advanced functions. [ 41–58,62–67,59,68,60,69,70,72,61,73,71,82,86–88,74–81,83–85,89–133,244,258 , …”

Section: Summary and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Extrusion 3D Printing of Polymeric Materials with Advanced Properties

et al. 2020

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“…Thus the shear rate dependency of our vitrimer confirmed feasibility of FDM‐based printing. [ 6 , 45 ] Next, as illustrated in Figure 5 , we generated vitrimer filaments by a mono‐screw‐equipped extruder and the extruded filament was found to show the same shape memory effects as the films did (Figure 5b ). We then applied the filaments to a portable 3D pen to create artwork (Movie S2 , Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 4D Printable Shape Memory Vitrimer with Repairability and Recyclability through Network Architecture Tailoring from Commercial Poly(ε‐caprolactone)

et al. 2021

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Vitrimers have shown advantages over conventional thermosets via capabilities of dynamic network rearrangement to endow repairability as well as recyclability. Based on such characteristics, vitrimers have been studied and have shown promises as a 3D printing ink material that can be recycled with the purpose of waste reduction. However, despite the brilliant approaches, there still remain limitations regarding requirement of new reagents for recycling the materials or reprintability issues. Here, a new class of a 4D printable vitrimer that is translated from a commercial poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) resin is reported to exhibit self‐healability, weldability, reprocessability, as well as reprintability. Thus, formed 3D‐printed vitrimer products show superior heat resistance in comparison to commercial PCL prints, and can be repeatedly reprocessed or reprinted via filament extrusion and a handheld fused deposition modeling (FDM)‐based 3D printing method. Furthermore, incorporation of semicrystalline PCL renders capabilities of shape memory for 4D printing applications, and as far as it is known, such demonstration of FDM 3D‐printed shape memory vitrimers has not been realized yet. It is envisioned that this work can fuel advancement in 4D printing industries by suggesting a new material candidate with all‐rounded capabilities with minimized environmental challenges.

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“…For example, in an extrusion‐based polymer 3D printing, printability can be assessed based on 1) pressure‐driven flow, that is, ability to extrude as continuous filaments; 2) formation of beads with stable geometry, that is, ability to retain the printed shape; 3) ability to form free‐hanging filaments, that is, bead functionality; and 4) ability to form structurally sound and dimensionally accurate printed parts. [ 247,248 ] These criteria are expected to vary for 3D printing techniques such as VP and SLS with different part building strategies and process requirements. Therefore, printability is generally related to the printing material's intrinsic and extrinsic features (structure and properties), its ability to resist formation of defect during printing, and processing.…”

Section: Improving Printability Of Polymeric Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D‐Printed Functional Polymers and Nanocomposites: Defects Characterization and Product Quality Improvement

et al. 2022

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There have been continuing efforts toward improving printability and minimizing defects in 3D‐printed functional polymers and polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). While printability is essentially material related, and formation of defects is largely influenced by operational parameters, there is an interconnection between the factors influencing both. It is important to have a comprehensive insight on how these aspects interrelate to increase the prospect of improving part performance and widening the current range of applications of 3D‐printed polymer‐based functional materials. Therefore, this work first reviews various polymer 3D printing techniques and recent advances in 3D‐printed functional polymers and PNCs before discussing characterization and control of common defects in printed parts. Techniques for improving printability of polymer‐based functional materials are then discussed. Some opportunities for further developments in this area are highlighted in respect of polymer blending, immiscible blend nanocomposites, and a specific product development prospect.

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Role of pendant side-chain length in determining polymer 3D printability

Abstract: The effect of polymer side chain on extrusion-based direct-write 3D printing and rheology is examined. Longer side chain length improves printability at ambient temperatures.

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Extrusion 3D Printing of Polymeric Materials with Advanced Properties

Extrusion 3D Printing of Polymeric Materials with Advanced Properties

A 4D Printable Shape Memory Vitrimer with Repairability and Recyclability through Network Architecture Tailoring from Commercial Poly(ε‐caprolactone)

3D‐Printed Functional Polymers and Nanocomposites: Defects Characterization and Product Quality Improvement

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