Role of pH in the Control of Fungal MAPK Signalling and Pathogenicity

Mariscal, Melani; Fernandes, Tania; Pietro, Antonio Di

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-16503-0_9

The Mycota

2022

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-16503-0_9

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Role of pH in the Control of Fungal MAPK Signalling and Pathogenicity

Melani Mariscal

Tania Fernandes²,

Antonio Di Pietro³

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Cited by 2 publications

References 89 publications

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Stimuli‐Responsive Prototissues via DNA‐Mediated Self‐Assembly of Polymer Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

Huang,

Skowicki,

Dinu

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Gaining insight into the complex functions of tissues, which involve communicating cell types, by utilizing materials that mimic the properties of real tissue, is an important step in developing advanced biomedical applications. However, building 3D networks of interconnected protocells capable of chemical information processing and collective output remains a challenge. Herein, the construction of a prototissue based on the DNA‐mediated assembly of polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (pGUVs) are presented with differential sensitivity, forming a multicompartment communicating system. One set of pGUVs hosts microgels as artificial Mg2+ storage organelles, which can be triggered to release their Mg2+ by pH changes in the environment. The downstream linked set of protocells contains a Mg2+ sensitive dye that responds to the Mg2+ signal. The density of complementary DNA strands on the surface of the respective pGUVs determines not only the size of the pGUV ensemble but also modulates sensitivity toward magnesium. Moreover, Mg2+ signaling to downstream protocells loaded with monomeric actin induces the in situ formation of an artificial cytoskeleton. Overall, through the clustering of protocells hosting distinct artificial organelles with controlled architecture, such unique prototissues that mimic intratissue communication generate new prospects in using advanced functional materials for multi‐step catalysis and biomedicine.

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Stimuli‐Responsive Prototissues via DNA‐Mediated Self‐Assembly of Polymer Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

Huang,

Skowicki,

Dinu

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Iron necessity for chlamydospore germination in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4

2023

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Fusarium wilt disease of banana, caused by the notorious soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4), is extremely difficult to manage. Manipulation of soil pH or application of synthetic iron chelators can suppress the disease through iron starvation, which inhibits the germination of pathogen propagules called chlamydospores. However, the effect of iron starvation on chlamydospore germination is largely unknown. In this study, scanning electron microscopy was used to assemble the developmental sequence of chlamydospore germination and to assess the effect of iron starvation and pH in vitro. Germination occurs in three distinct phenotypic transitions (swelling, polarized growth, outgrowth). Outgrowth, characterized by formation of a single protrusion (germ tube), occurred at 2 to 3 h, and a maximum value of 69.3% to 76.7% outgrowth was observed at 8 to 10 h after germination induction. Germination exhibited plasticity with pH as over 60% of the chlamydospores formed a germ tube between pH 3 and pH 11. Iron-starved chlamydospores exhibited polarized-growth arrest, characterized by the inability to form a germ tube. Gene expression analysis of rnr1 and rnr2, which encode the iron-dependent enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, showed that rnr2 was upregulated (p < 0.0001) in iron-starved chlamydospores compared to the control. Collectively, these findings suggest that iron and extracellular pH are crucial for chlamydospore germination in Foc TR4. Moreover, inhibition of germination by iron starvation may be linked to a different mechanism, rather than repression of the function of ribonucleotide reductase, the enzyme that controls growth by regulation of DNA synthesis.

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Role of pH in the Control of Fungal MAPK Signalling and Pathogenicity

Cited by 2 publications

References 89 publications

Stimuli‐Responsive Prototissues via DNA‐Mediated Self‐Assembly of Polymer Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

Stimuli‐Responsive Prototissues via DNA‐Mediated Self‐Assembly of Polymer Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

Iron necessity for chlamydospore germination in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4

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