“…The more straightforward approaches include DFT (TD-DFT) [54] and ADC(2) [55,56] methods. We have found that the simpler TD-DFT method tends to yield VEEs that are consistently around 0.5 eV higher than those determined using higher level methods [23,25,28,29,34,35], but that the ADC(2) method compares favourably with high-level calculations, for example, with SA-CASSCF(14,12)-PT2/cc-pVDZ calculations [57] for a series of PYP chromophore anions (Table 2) [29], and XMCQDPT2/aug-cc-pVTZ level calculations [31] for the GFP chromophore anion [33]. However, due to the number of diffuse functions required in the basis set to obtain an accurate VEE, a huge number of continuum states are calculated.…”