Role of Plasmids in Microbiology

Banu, Husne; Prasad, K. Pani

doi:10.4172/2155-9546.1000466

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…These two endophytic bacteria isolates are microorganisms that live naturally in the intercellular spaces of oil palm as benign endophytes. Generally, bacteria have two separate genetic systems such as chromosomal DNA and extra-chromosomal DNA or also known as plasmid [24]. Though naturally occurring plasmids are usually non-essential for the bacterium's day-to-day survival, they contain a few useful genes for bacterial adaptation to diverse and changing environmental conditions [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of two transformation protocols and screening of positive plasmid introduction into Bacillus cereus EB2, a gram-positive bacterium using qualitative analyses

Sirajuddin

Sundram

2020

Braz J Microbiol

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Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria can take up exogenous DNA when they are in a competent state either naturally or artificially. However, the thick peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria's cell wall is considered as a possible barrier to DNA uptake. In the present work, two transformation techniques have been evaluated in assessing the protocol's ability to introduce foreign DNA, pBBRGFP-45 plasmid which harbors kanamycin resistance and green fluorescent protein (GFP) genes into a Gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus cereus EB2. B. cereus EB2 is an endophytic bacterium, isolated from oil palm roots. A Gram-negative bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa EB35 was used as a control sample for both transformation protocols. The cells were made competent using respective chemical treatment to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and kanamycin concentration in the selective medium was also optimized. Preliminary findings using qualitative analysis of colony polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-GFP indicated that the putative positive transformants for B. cereus EB2 were acquired using the second transformation protocol. The positive transformants were then verified using molecular techniques such as observation of putative colonies on specific media under UV light, plasmid extraction, and validation analyses, followed by fluorescence microscopy. Conversely, both transformation protocols were relatively effective for introduction of plasmid DNA into P. aeruginosa EB35. Therefore, this finding demonstrated the potential of chemically prepared competent cells and the crucial step of heat-shock in foreign DNA transformation process of Gram-positive bacterium namely B. cereus was required for successful transformation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of two transformation protocols and screening of positive plasmid introduction into Bacillus cereus EB2, a gram-positive bacterium using qualitative analyses

Sirajuddin

Sundram

2020

Braz J Microbiol

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“…i) Plasmid-determined metal resistances are similar and more specific to those of antibiotic resistances. There is no general mechanism of resistance to all metal ions 23 .…”

Section: Fig 1 Mechanisms (Intracellular and Extracellular) Developmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Metal-Microbe Interactions: Prospects in Bioremediation

Abulreesh¹,

Elbanna²,

Shaaban³

et al. 2019

J Pure Appl Microbiol

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Heavy metal contamination due to natural and anthropogenic source is a major environmental problem. Release of metal from use of agrochemicals, industrial effluents and wastewater residues and their accumulation in food causes serious dilemma to animal and human health concern. On the other hand microbial population gets affected from metal toxicity at elevated concentration. With the result microbes develops various resistance mechanism to cope with metal toxicity. Both physiological and genetic mechanisms are involved in developing such resistance. Recent advances on metal-bacteria interaction has led to better understanding of metal accumulation/detoxification or biotransformation and bioremediation of metals through application of such bacteria. Role of various transport protein families involved in heavy metal metabolism are now explored. this article provides insights of metalbacteria interaction in terms of resistance mechanisms and role of various transport proteins and its potential application in bioremediation of metal pollution.

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“…Plasmids enter either by active or passive mechanisms. As known, genetic information encoded in a self-replicating extrachromosomal DNA (plasmid) of bacteria is transferred across three processes: conjugation, transformation, and transduction [1].…”

Section: Mode Of Plasmid Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory Chapter: Preface to Plasmids

Gull¹,

El-Baz²

2019

Plasmid

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Additional information is available at the end of the chapter 1. Bacterial double genetic system leads to genetic diversity and evolution Bacterial genome has unique dynamics, which evolve through a series of evolution. As the result of this evolutionary selection, bacteria have two genetic systems that are chromosomal and extrachromosomal genome. This genetic diversity is the cause for wide range of bacterial adaptation under diverse conditions. Bacteria get this genetic diversity through three processes that are mutation, recombination, and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Both mutation and recombination is the natural alternation of genes, which has very little part in evolution but horizontal gene transfer alters the genes across the species, and this horizontal gene transfer totally depends on availability of extrachromosomal genome and good environmental conditions. The common mean of horizontal bacterial gene transfer happened through extrachromosomal DNA that is commonly called plasmids [1]. Plasmids are defined as circular or linear extrachromosomal replicons, which serve as important tools in manipulating and analyzing microorganisms through introduction, modification, or removal of target genes found in most bacteria. Plasmids are involved in pathogenicity, host specificity, resistance to antibiotics, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In addition to that, they function as toxins and hormones. Popular uses of plasmids are biotechnology and pharmaceuticals. In this chapter, we discussed plasmids as general classification, lifestyle, and role of plasmids playing in different areas of scientific importance. Plasmids modes of transfer, types, properties, and its usefulness for living organisms are also included briefly. 1.1. Plasmids Plasmids are circular or linear extrachromosomal replicons, which are found in many microorganisms in the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota. Also, plasmids are important vehicles for bacterial communication of genetic information, facilitating rapid evolution and

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Role of Plasmids in Microbiology

Cited by 13 publications

References 60 publications

Evaluation of two transformation protocols and screening of positive plasmid introduction into Bacillus cereus EB2, a gram-positive bacterium using qualitative analyses

Evaluation of two transformation protocols and screening of positive plasmid introduction into Bacillus cereus EB2, a gram-positive bacterium using qualitative analyses

Recent Progress in Metal-Microbe Interactions: Prospects in Bioremediation

Introductory Chapter: Preface to Plasmids

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