Role of Precision Oncology in Type II Endometrial and Prostate Cancers in the African Population: Global Cancer Genomics Disparities

Marima, Rahaba; Hull, Rodney; Mbeje, Mandisa; Molefi, Thulo; Mathabe, Kgomotso; Elbagory, Abdulrahman M.; Δημητριου, Δήμητρα; Dlamini, Zodwa

doi:10.3390/ijms23020628

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Some PC studies in the United States have shown a lack of data in African-American men compared to patients of European and Asian descent. 13 While most data on PC-associated loci show similarities between men of European and men of African descent, some loci in men of European descent have fewer effects, no effects, or even the opposite effect compared to the loci in men of African descent. One study reported that Asian men with mCRPC on docetaxel had higher incidences of hematological complications compared to Western populations.…”

Section: Step 1: Patient Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Pharmacogenomic and Genetic Testing into Prostate Cancer Clinics: A Literature Review of Current Trends and Applications

Germany,

Martin

2024

Explor Res Hypothesis Med

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Prostate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of death among American men, with most patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy and eventually developing resistance to treatment. The 5-year survival rate from 2015-2020 for men with distant disease was 33%, demonstrating the need for more optimal treatment regimens for patients with distant or metastatic PC. Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing, a component of precision medicine, focuses on the way a patient's genome affects drug metabolism. Combining PGx testing with current genetic testing provides an innovative and personalized approach to treating PC while both reducing adverse events and optimizing treatment dosages to fit the patient's genetic make-up. This review paper describes how clinicians can use PGx testing in combination with genetic testing for PC patients.

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Section: Step 1: Patient Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Pharmacogenomic and Genetic Testing into Prostate Cancer Clinics: A Literature Review of Current Trends and Applications

Germany,

Martin

2024

Explor Res Hypothesis Med

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“…PCa can thus be used as a good model to address cancer health disparities within the African continent itself, and to study the specific risk factors, epidemiology and genomic components specific to African populations compared to European populations. PCa genomic disparities and lack of targeted therapies in LMICs have been reviewed by Marima et al, while precision oncology opportunities towards PCa management in LMICs have been reviewed by Marima et al 6,8 Africa also reports a higher percentage of PCa cases in young patients and more aggressive form of the disease compared to the HICs. 9 In Africa, three major risk factors have been identified to play a significant role in cancer incidence rates: population genomics, environmental factors and infectious agents.…”

Section: Factors Contributing To Pca In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate Cancer Disparities and Management in Southern Africa: Insights into Practices, Norms and Values

Marima

Mbeje

Hull

et al. 2022

CMAR

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of mortality in men of African origin. While men of African descent in highincome countries (HICs) demonstrate poor prognosis compared to their European counterparts, African men on the African continent, particularly Southern Africa have shown even higher PCa mortality rates. Extrinsic factors such as the socioeconomic status, education level, income level, geographic location and race contribute to PCa patient outcome. These are further deepened by the African norms which are highly esteemed and may have detrimental effects on PCa patients' health. Insights into African cultures and social constructs have been identified as key elements towards improving men's health care seeking behaviour which will in turn improve PCa patients' outcome. Compared to Southern Africa, the Eastern, Western and Central African regions have lower PCa incidence rates but higher mortality rates. The availability of cancer medical equipment has also been reported to be disproportionate in Africa, with most cancer resources in Northern and Southern Africa. Even within Southern Africa, cancer management resources are unevenly available where one country must access PCa specialised care in the neighbouring countries. While PCa seems to be better managed in HICs, steps towards effective PCa management are urgently needed in Africa, as this continent represents a significant portion of lowmiddle-income countries (LMICs). Replacing African men in Africa with African American men may not optimally resolve PCa challenges in Africa. Adopting western PCa management practices can be optimised by integrating improved core-African norms. The aim of this review is to discuss PCa disparities in Africa, deliberate on the significance of integrating African norms around masculinity and discuss challenges and opportunities towards effective PCa care in Africa, particularly in Southern Africa.

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“…Due to the multifaceted nature employed by the v-miRNAs, these molecules may play an important role in precision oncology, particularly in cancers with a viral etiology. Precision oncology can be defined as the molecular profiling of tumors to identify targetable alterations [ 5 ]. Cellular miRNAs have also been identified as potent alterations that can be profiled for use in precision oncology [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Encoded miRNAs in Tumorigenesis: Theranostic Opportunities in Precision Oncology

et al. 2022

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About 15% of all human cancers have a viral etiology. Although progress has been made, understanding the viral oncogenesis and associated molecular mechanisms remain complex. The discovery of cellular miRNAs has led to major breakthroughs. Interestingly, viruses have also been discovered to encode their own miRNAs. These viral, small, non-coding miRNAs are also known as viral-miRNAs (v-miRNAs). Although the function of v-miRNAs largely remains to be elucidated, their role in tumorigenesis cannot be ignored. V-miRNAs have also been shown to exploit the cellular machinery to benefit viral replication and survival. Although the discovery of Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and its viral miRNAs, is a work in progress, the existence of HPV-, EBV-, HBV-, MCPyV- and KSHV-encoded miRNA has been documented. V-miRNAs have been shown to target host factors to advance tumorigenesis, evade and suppress the immune system, and deregulate both the cell cycle and the apoptotic machinery. Although the exact mechanisms of v-miRNAs-induced tumorigenesis are still unclear, v-miRNAs are active role-players in tumorigenesis, viral latency and cell transformation. Furthermore, v-miRNAs can function as posttranscriptional gene regulators of both viral and host genes. Thus, it has been proposed that v-miRNAs may serve as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancers with a viral etiology. Although significant challenges exist in their clinical application, emerging reports demonstrate their potent role in precision medicine. This review will focus on the roles of HPV-, HCV-, EBV-, HBV-, MCPyV-, and KSHV-produced v-miRNAs in tumorigenesis, as effectors in immune evasion, as diagnostic biomarkers and as novel anti-cancer therapeutic targets. Finally, it will discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with v-miRNAs theranostics in precision oncology.

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Role of Precision Oncology in Type II Endometrial and Prostate Cancers in the African Population: Global Cancer Genomics Disparities

Cited by 12 publications

References 142 publications

Implementing Pharmacogenomic and Genetic Testing into Prostate Cancer Clinics: A Literature Review of Current Trends and Applications

Implementing Pharmacogenomic and Genetic Testing into Prostate Cancer Clinics: A Literature Review of Current Trends and Applications

Prostate Cancer Disparities and Management in Southern Africa: Insights into Practices, Norms and Values

Viral Encoded miRNAs in Tumorigenesis: Theranostic Opportunities in Precision Oncology

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