Role of progesterone in nicotine addiction: Evidence from initiation to relapse.

Lynch, Wendy J.; Sofuoglu, Mehmet

doi:10.1037/a0021265

Cited by 147 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…Rosenthal (1990) has asserted that even small associations between variables are often meaningful in a practical context. Examples include the "small" associations between smoking and mortality, aspirin use and myocardial infarction, and gender and chronic heart disease (Rutledge & Loh, 2004).Consistent with the notion that estradiol may increase sensitivity to nicotine, whereas progesterone is protective (Lynch & Sofuoglu, 2010), high levels of progesterone relative to estradiol (i.e., P:E ratio) were associated with a lower number of puffs and a smaller mass of cigarettes smoked. Conversely, low levels of progesterone relative to estradiol were associated with a higher number of puffs and a greater mass of cigarettes smoked.…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Estradiol is thought to enhance women's sensitivity to nicotine, whereas progesterone is thought to be protective (Lynch & Sofuoglu, 2010). Tonic progesterone administration in the context of relatively low estradiol levels increases the subjective negative effects of nicotine, decreases the subjective positive effects of nicotine, and reduces the urge to smoke in women (Sofuoglu & Mooney, 2009).…”

Section: Nih Public Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between ovarian hormones and smoking behavior in women.

Schiller¹,

Saladin²,

Gray³

et al. 2014

Translational Issues in Psychological Science

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Studies examining the association between menstrual cycle phases and smoking behavior in women have yielded mixed results. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the associations between ovarian hormones and smoking by directly measuring ovarian hormone levels and obtaining a laboratory assessment of smoking behaviors. Four hypotheses were tested: increased smoking will be associated with 1) low absolute levels of estradiol and progesterone; 2) decreasing (i.e., dynamic changes in) estradiol and progesterone; 3) lower ratios of progesterone to estradiol, and 4) higher ratios of estradiol to progesterone. Female smokers (≥10 cigarettes/day) with regular menstrual cycles were recruited as part of a larger, ongoing study examining the influence of ovarian hormones on smoking cessation treatment. Participants completed two study visits, including a one-hour adlib smoking topography session, which provided a detailed assessment of smoking behavior. Both the change in hormone levels over time and the relative ratios of ovarian hormones were associated with smoking behavior, but each to a limited extent. Decreases in estradiol (r=−.21, p=.048), and decreases in progesterone (r=−.23, p=.03) were associated with increased puff intensity. Lower ratios of progesterone to estradiol were associated with a greater number of puffs (r=−.26, p=.01) and weight of cigarettes smoked (r=−.29, p=.005). The best predictors of smoking behavior were the ratio of progesterone to estradiol (z=−2.7, p=. 004) and the change in estradiol and progesterone over time (z=−2.1, p=.02). This pattern of results may help to explain inconsistent findings in previous studies and suggest potential mechanisms by which hormones influence nicotine addiction. KeywordsEstrogen; progesterone; nicotine; tobacco; women Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States (Danaei et al., 2009). Although men are more likely to smoke than women (USDHS, 2010), women may be more sensitive to certain aspects of nicotine addition. For example, women are more sensitive to * Corresponding author. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychiatry, CB#7175, Chapel Hill, NC 27599. Phone: (919) 843-2482 Fax: (919) 966-0708 crystal_schiller@med.unc.edu. Drs. Saladin, Gray, Carpenter, and Hartwell designed the study and wrote the protocol. Dr. Schiller conducted literature searches, provided summaries of previous research studies, and conducted the statistical analysis. Dr. Schiller wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors contributed to and have approved the final manuscript.The authors declare that they have no additional conflicts of interest. (Myers, Taylor, Moolchan, & Heishman, 2008;Sofuoglu, Mitchell, & Mooney, 2009) and more likely to cite tension reduction, stimulation, social dynamics (Berlin et al., 2003), and appetite suppression as reasons for smoking (Reid, Pipe, Riley, & Sorensen, 2009). Smoking is associated with significant health risks in women (Perkins, 2001), and more women than men r...

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confidence: 75%

Section: Nih Public Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between ovarian hormones and smoking behavior in women.

Schiller¹,

Saladin²,

Gray³

et al. 2014

Translational Issues in Psychological Science

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“…Another clinical aspect arises regarding GHB-induced progesterone release: GHB is used for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal and as an anti-craving agent (Keating, 2014), while some studies also point to anti-craving and relapse preventing effects of progesterone in nicotine (Lynch and Sofuoglu, 2010) and cocaine addiction (Yonkers et al, 2014). Therefore, increased progesterone release might contribute to the therapeutic effect of GHB in alcohol withdrawal and abstinence maintenance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate enhances mood and prosocial behavior without affecting plasma oxytocin and testosterone

Bosch

Eisenegger

Gertsch

et al. 2015

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Word count main text:4734 Word count abstract: 200 Number of references: 59Number of tables: 2 ABSTRACTGamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a GHB-/GABA B -receptor agonist. Reports from GHB abusers indicate euphoric, prosocial, and empathogenic effects of the drug. We measured the effects of GHB on mood, prosocial behavior, social and non-social cognition and assessed potential underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms. GHB (20 mg/kg) was tested in 16 healthy males, using a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Subjective effects on mood were assessed by visual-analoguescales and the GHB-Specific-Questionnaire. Prosocial behavior was examined by the Charity Donation Task, the Social Value Orientation test, and the Reciprocity Task. Reaction time, memory, empathy, and theory-of-mind were also tested. Blood plasma levels of GHB, oxytocin, testosterone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenocorticotropichormone (ACTH) were determined. GHB showed stimulating and sedating effects, and elicited euphoria, disinhibition, and enhanced vitality. In participants with low prosociality, the drug increased donations and prosocial money distributions. In contrast, social cognitive abilities such as emotion recognition, empathy, and theory-of-mind, and basal cognitive functions were not affected.GHB increased plasma progesterone, while oxytocin and testosterone, cortisol, aldosterone, DHEA, and ACTH levels remained unaffected. GHB has mood-enhancing and prosocial effects without affecting social hormones such as oxytocin and testosterone. These data suggest a potential involvement of GHB-/GABA B -receptors and progesterone in mood and prosocial behavior.

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“…Future studies might also examine the role of other ovarian hormones, such as progesterone that have been posited to modulate tobacco use in females. 29,30 In the present study, female rats received OVX procedures before puberty. Future studies might examine the activational effects of ovarian hormones on stress produced by nicotine withdrawal in females that receive OVX procedures during adulthood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine Withdrawal Increases Stress-Associated Genes in the Nucleus Accumbens of Female Rats in a Hormone-Dependent Manner

Torres

Pipkin

Ferree

et al. 2015

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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IntroductionTobacco use is the number one cause of preventable deaths in the United States. 1 Of particular concern is the high rate of tobacco use among women, who are more susceptible to the negative health consequences of long-term smoking than men. 2 As a result, tobacco use is believed to be a major contributing factor to health disparities in women. In spite of the magnitude of the problem, surprisingly little is known about the underlying biological factors that promote tobacco relapse in females.Much work has suggested that stress promotes tobacco use in women. For example, women report more negative mood states, such as depression, anxiety, and intense craving during smoking abstinence than men. [3][4][5] Women also use more tobacco products and display lower quit rates relative to men. 6 Furthermore, women report that they maintain tobacco use to relieve intense withdrawal symptoms that emerge during abstinence, and they claim more often than men that the anxiety-reducing effects of cigarettes are the main reason for smoking. [7][8][9] Preclinical studies have shown that the behavioral and biological consequences of nicotine withdrawal are greater in female versus AbstractIntroduction: Previous work led to our hypothesis that sex differences produced by nicotine withdrawal are modulated by stress and dopamine systems in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). We investigated our hypothesis by studying intact females to determine whether the mechanisms that promote withdrawal are ovarian-hormone mediated. Methods: Female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or received sham surgery (intact) on postnatal day (PND 45-46). On PND 60, they received sham surgery (controls) or were prepared with nicotine pumps. Fourteen days later, half of the rats had their pumps removed (nicotine withdrawal) and the other half received sham surgery (nicotine exposure). Twenty-four hours later, the rats were tested for anxiety-like behavior using the elevated plus maze and light/dark transfer procedures. The NAcc was then dissected for analysis of several genes related to stress (CRF, UCN, CRF-R1, CRF-R2, CRF-BP, and Arrb2) or receptors for dopamine (Drd1 and Drd2) and estradiol (Esr2). Results: During withdrawal, intact females displayed an increase in anxiety-like behavior in both tests and CRF, UCN, and Drd1 gene expression. During nicotine exposure, intact females displayed a decrease in CRF-R1, CRF-R2, Drd3, and Esr2 gene expression and an increase in CRF-BP. This pattern of results was absent in OVX females. Conclusions: Nicotine withdrawal produced an increase in anxiety-like behavior and stress-associated genes in intact females that is distinct from changes produced by nicotine exposure. The latter effects were absent in OVX females, suggesting that stress produced by withdrawal is ovarianhormone mediated. These findings have important implications towards understanding tobacco use liability among females.

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Role of progesterone in nicotine addiction: Evidence from initiation to relapse.

Cited by 147 publications

References 117 publications

Association between ovarian hormones and smoking behavior in women.

Association between ovarian hormones and smoking behavior in women.

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate enhances mood and prosocial behavior without affecting plasma oxytocin and testosterone

Nicotine Withdrawal Increases Stress-Associated Genes in the Nucleus Accumbens of Female Rats in a Hormone-Dependent Manner

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