Role of Protein Kinase C on the Expression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and Endothelin-1 in the Retina of Diabetic Rats and Cultured Retinal Capillary Pericytes

Reduction of Diabetes-Induced Oxidative Stress, Fibrotic Cytokine Expression, and Renal Dysfunction in Protein Kinase Cβ–Null Mice

“…ET-1 has been implicated in diabetic kidney injury and may contribute to glomerular injury and interstitial tubular changes in diabetes (23,37). Changes in the expression of ET-1 in PKC-␤ Ϫ/Ϫ mice are consistent with previous observations suggesting that PKC-␤ activation can regulate both basal and diabetesinduced ET-1 expression (38). A similar pattern of changes is noted for VEGF expression, which was increased in diabetic wild-type but not changed in the diabetic PKC-␤ Ϫ/Ϫ mice.…”

Altered Protein Kinase C Activation Associated with Rat Embryonic Dysmorphogenesis

“…In addition, we found a superimposed activation of PKC-␥ and PKC-␦ in malformed embryos of diabetic rats on gestational d 10. This finding may suggest that diabetes provokes a general PKC activation in rodent embryos, as reported earlier (29), resembling the activation found in adult endothelial (52)(53)(54) and retinal cells (55,56). However, this general PKC activation appears to be transient; we found unchanged or decreased PKC activities on gestational d 11 in embryos of diabetic rats compared with embryos of control rats.…”

Differential activations of PKC/PKA related to microvasculopathy in diabetic GK rats

“…Intriguingly, our study also found that the expression of PKA catalytic subunit Cat-␣ was significantly lowered in glomeruli of the diabetic rats but was elevated in brain and liver compared with the nondiabetic controls. It was demonstrated that PKA plays a different role from PKC in the regulation of endothelial cell functions, including TNF receptor expression (46), endothelial barrier function (62,17,23), and vascular relaxation (29,61,56). Although the mechanisms for differential expression of PKA remain unclear in different organs of diabetic rats, metabolic and hormonal alterations might be involved.…”