Role of public health and trade for achieving sustainable development goals

Nazar, Raima; Meo, Muhammad Saeed; Ali, Sajid

doi:10.1002/pa.2585

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Consequently, firms in SSA are priced out of international markets and cannot compete favorably with their counterparts owing to the high trade costs (Falchetta et al, 2021). This represents an obstacle to the achievement of SDG-8 and the recent commitments in the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCTFA) because impediments to trade are impediments to achieving sustainable growth (Nazar et al, 2020). Resolving the issues surrounding SEG in SSA requires a critical examination of numerous factors, among which trade facilitation and institutions are apparent.…”

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confidence: 99%

Trade facilitation, institutions, and sustainable economic growth: Empirical evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa

Shen

Ibrahim

Bello

et al. 2022

African Development Review

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This paper examines the direct and interactive impacts of trade facilitation and institutions on sustainable economic growth (SEG) for 41 Sub-Saharan African economies from 2005 to 2019. The study explores the components of trade facilitation focusing on costs, documents and days (exports and imports) with the aggregated index (TFindex) and institutions, including voice and accountability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, political stability and violence, and control of corruption, used on GDP per capita growth. The empirical evidence relies on the two-step dynamic-system generalized method of moments estimator, accounting for endogeneity, simultaneity, measurement error and reverse causality concerns. The study finds that facilitating trade procedures is a viable option for achieving SEG in the Sub-Saharan Africa region. In addition, institutions driven by government effectiveness, political stability, and regulatory quality are boosters to SEG in the region. Lastly, the interactive impacts of trade facilitation and institutions positively predict the SEG. The study suggests that achieving efficient trading procedures and a sturdy institutional framework will enhance full exploration of the growth potential in SEG. K E Y W O R D Sdynamic-system generalized method of moments, institutions, Sub-Saharan African countries, sustainable economic growth, trade facilitation | INTRODUCTIONThe urgent need to tackle the persistent challenges hampering economic, social and environmental sustainability in the past few decades has witnessed a series of efforts and policy suggestions from governments, policymakers, and national and international organizations. Prominent among these efforts in recent times is the convergence of world leaders from 193 countries across the globe in September 2015, which led to a series of agreements on common and ambitious global goals: "Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development". The Agenda is a well-thoughtout action plan for people, the planet, prosperity, peace and partnership on a set of 17 goals and 169 targets. The motivation behind these goals is the need to build on the achievements recorded in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and further pursue the targets not met. For instance, while the Millennium Development Goal of reducing extreme poverty by 2015 was met, statistics still show that more than 800 million people globally are extremely poor,

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confidence: 99%

Trade facilitation, institutions, and sustainable economic growth: Empirical evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa

Shen

Ibrahim

Bello

et al. 2022

African Development Review

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“…Basically, CO 2 emission is the main cause of environmental degradation in both developed and developing countries. Further, greenhouse gases have an adverse effect on environmental quality (Nazar et al, 2020;Ullah et al, 2020). These emissions have an extremely adverse effect on the climate globally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does institutional quality matter for environmental sustainability?

Bai

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The prime objective of the study is to examine the asymmetric effect of institutional quality and other control variables on environmental sustainability in G7 economies. The study examined data from 1986 to 2020 using a nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) technique. The outcomes of the study show heterogeneous results for the sampled economies. The findings confirm the asymmetric relationship between institutional quality, foreign direct investment, trade openness, and economic growth, and environmental sustainability in G7 countries. Furthermore, the study finds that neglecting the series’ inherent nonlinearities may lead to misleading inferences. The findings suggest that policies should be based on individual country characteristics and that no single policy can be a good fit for devising environmental sustainability measures.

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“…Expenditures on medicines constitute less than 20% in developed countries, 15%-30% in developing countries, and 25%-66% in lower-middle-income countries of the total public and private health expenditures (WHO Essential Medicine Report, 2018). Because of the high prices of drugs in many developing countries, most people confront high health expenditures, which leads households towards impoverishment (Zaprutko et al, 2017;Nazar et al,2022;Hameed et al,2019;Arain et al,2019). In this context, the affordability of medicines is critical because medicine expenditures constitute a large share of the healthcare budget.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicine Affordability and Accessibility: A Case of Low and Middle-Income Group of Gujranwala District

Shahzad¹,

Ahmad²,

Javaid³

2022

IJMRES

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In Pakistan, around two-thirds population is away from essential medicines because of the higher prices prevalent in the private sector and the low availability of medicines in the public sector (WHO, Health profile of Pakistan). High out-of-pocket payments on medicines increase the burden on poor households. Using the World Health Organization and Health Action International methods, a survey of 50 medications was undertaken in District Gujranwala of the Punjab, Pakistan, to assess drug availability and affordability status. The findings reveal that medicine availability is deficient in public sector hospitals, which are the primary source of free medicines for the public, while the availability is high in the private sector. Poor households have to face serious financial issues because of the higher prices. Therefore, the government needs to ensure the availability of medicines in the public sector through efficient procurement. To reduce the prices of medicines in the private sector, the government must promote low-price generic medicines and set a price cap for essential medicines.

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Role of public health and trade for achieving sustainable development goals

Cited by 33 publications

References 39 publications

Trade facilitation, institutions, and sustainable economic growth: Empirical evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa

Trade facilitation, institutions, and sustainable economic growth: Empirical evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa

Does institutional quality matter for environmental sustainability?

Medicine Affordability and Accessibility: A Case of Low and Middle-Income Group of Gujranwala District

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