“…Because of pumice has a very porous structure, it is mainly used as light weight building materials. According to the literature, pumice was used as additive for polyethylene (Han et al 2009), polypropylene (Kanbur and Tayfun 2018), polyvinyl alcohol (Jayakrishnan and Ramesan 2016), polyacrylonitrile (Yavuz et al 2008), polyvinyl pyrolidone (Ramesan et al 2016), polyaniline (Gok et al 2006), polyphenylene sulphide (Sahin et al 2013), and polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (Akkaya 2013) matrices.…”
In this study, pumice (P) mineral was treated with silane in order to increase the compatibility for poly(lactic acid) (PLA) which is a fully biodegradable polymer widely used in packaging and outdoor applications. Neat and treated P powders were compounded with PLA at the concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% by melt mixing process. Surface characteristics of P samples were examined using infrared spectroscopy. Mechanical, water uptake, melt-flow and morphological properties of prepared composites were investigated by tensile and impact tests, water absorption test, melt flow rate test (MFR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique, respectively. Mechanical test results revealed that the highest increase in tensile strength and modulus values was obtained for 15 wt% of silanized P containing composite which are found as 4.5% and 40% increase, respectively. Addition of silane-treated P into PLA resulted in an increase in impact strength of about 33% compared to samples containing that were not treated with silane with the same proportion of P. Impact strengths of composites increased with increasing P concentration. Silanized P filled composite gave slightly higher MFR values with respect to pristine P. Water absorption values of composites were found as about twofold higher than that of unfilled PLA. Composites containing silanized P exhibited lower water uptake values compared to untreated P samples because of the hydrophobic character of silicon containing surfaces. SEM micro-images of composites displayed that more homogeneous dispersion in PLA matrix was taken place for silane treated P particles than that of neat P stem from the increase of adhesion between P and PLA surfaces after silanization process.
“…Because of pumice has a very porous structure, it is mainly used as light weight building materials. According to the literature, pumice was used as additive for polyethylene (Han et al 2009), polypropylene (Kanbur and Tayfun 2018), polyvinyl alcohol (Jayakrishnan and Ramesan 2016), polyacrylonitrile (Yavuz et al 2008), polyvinyl pyrolidone (Ramesan et al 2016), polyaniline (Gok et al 2006), polyphenylene sulphide (Sahin et al 2013), and polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (Akkaya 2013) matrices.…”
In this study, pumice (P) mineral was treated with silane in order to increase the compatibility for poly(lactic acid) (PLA) which is a fully biodegradable polymer widely used in packaging and outdoor applications. Neat and treated P powders were compounded with PLA at the concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% by melt mixing process. Surface characteristics of P samples were examined using infrared spectroscopy. Mechanical, water uptake, melt-flow and morphological properties of prepared composites were investigated by tensile and impact tests, water absorption test, melt flow rate test (MFR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique, respectively. Mechanical test results revealed that the highest increase in tensile strength and modulus values was obtained for 15 wt% of silanized P containing composite which are found as 4.5% and 40% increase, respectively. Addition of silane-treated P into PLA resulted in an increase in impact strength of about 33% compared to samples containing that were not treated with silane with the same proportion of P. Impact strengths of composites increased with increasing P concentration. Silanized P filled composite gave slightly higher MFR values with respect to pristine P. Water absorption values of composites were found as about twofold higher than that of unfilled PLA. Composites containing silanized P exhibited lower water uptake values compared to untreated P samples because of the hydrophobic character of silicon containing surfaces. SEM micro-images of composites displayed that more homogeneous dispersion in PLA matrix was taken place for silane treated P particles than that of neat P stem from the increase of adhesion between P and PLA surfaces after silanization process.
“…Ramesan et al investigated the thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/pumice composites. 7 Electrorheological properties of polyaniline/pumice composites were studied by Yavuz. 8 Polymer blend composite based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/cashew tree gum with various content of pumice particles was prepared and characterized by Ramesan et al 9 The combination of multiaxial basalt fabric and pumice stone (P) was utilized as a reinforcement material for the production of the polypropylene (PP)-based composite structures.…”
Pumice stone (P), which is as a cheap material, can be a good candidate for filling material for polymers because of its high thermal resistance. Its effect on properties of polypropylene (PP) has not been studied in detail up to now. The mechanical, viscoelastic, thermal, morphological, crystallographic, and thermomechanical behaviors of PP filled with P powder were studied. The composites were produced by adding different weight fractions of P powder (0–40 wt%) into PP using a high-speed thermo kinetic mixer and compression molding. The highest tensile and flexural strength values, 26.5 and 46.4 MPa, respectively, were obtained when 10 wt% of P powder was filled into PP. Besides, the storage and loss modulus of PP was increased with the addition of P powder. The onset decomposition temperature of PP increased by 39°C with P powder loading into PP. The addition of P powder into PP led to a significant increase on the crystallinity of PP. It is interesting to report that thermal conductivity of PP was increased with increasing weight fraction of P powder.
“…The TS of cross-linked composite membranes increased because of the addition of BPTA to fibers and the TS reached the maximum with BPTA content up to 30 g/L. This finding reveals that chemical modification provided a large interfacial contact area, which improved the interfacial adhesion between the grafted BPTA and the matrix [45] . In line with SEM observations, an increase in BPTA content from 50 to 70 g L −1 resulted in a decrease in EB owing to the reduced magnitude of attractive forces between matrix chains [46] .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 70%
“…In line with SEM observations, an increase in BPTA content from 50 to 70 g L −1 resulted in a decrease in EB owing to the reduced magnitude of attractive forces between matrix chains [46] . This finding can be attributed to the surface modification of the film, which improved the adhesion between the blend layers and the surface of BPTA, thereby mechanically anchoring the film on the structure when grafting with a high concentration of BPTA [45] . Fig.…”
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