Role of pyroptosis in inflammation and cancer

Abstract

Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin and is a product of continuous cell expansion until the cytomembrane ruptures, resulting in the release of cellular contents that can activate strong inflammatory and immune responses. Pyroptosis, an innate immune response, can be triggered by the activation of inflammasomes by various influencing factors. Activation of these inflammasomes can induce the maturation of caspase-1 or caspase-4/5/11, both of which cleave gasdermin D to release its N-terminal domain, which can bind membrane lipids and perforate the cell membrane. Here, we review the latest advancements in research on the mechanisms of pyroptosis, newly discovered influencing factors, antitumoral properties, and applications in various diseases. Moreover, this review also provides updates on potential targeted therapies for inflammation and cancers, methods for clinical prevention, and finally challenges and future directions in the field.

IL-32 and IL-34 in hepatocellular carcinoma

“…Using siRNA to suppress IL-32, the proliferation and survival of HCC cell lines is inhibited via classical p38 MAPK and NF-kB pathways, adding further evidence that IL-32 augments the development of HCC. In addition, suppressing IL-32 contributes to caspase mediated apoptosis of HCC cells, which is in line with the concept that caspases are important in activating target cells to undergo apoptosis (29) and/or pyroptosis (30).…”

Establishment and experimental validation of a novel cuproptosis-related gene signature for prognostic implication in cholangiocarcinoma

“…Therefore, the selection of appropriate biomarkers to predict patient prognosis is crucial. Programmed death is one of the most promising breakthroughs in the treatment of malignancies ( 21 , 22 ). Exploring new mechanisms of programmed death in CCA is critical.…”

The Emerging Role of Deubiquitinases in Cell Death

“…Its morphological features are necrotic-like changes with plasma membrane rupture and release of cellular contents that can activate inflammatory and immune responses [ 108 ]. Pyroptosis was originally described in infected immune cells (for example, macrophages and dendritic cells) and is now closely associated with the development of many inflammatory diseases, including sepsis and cancer [ 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 ]. The activation of pyroptosis is initiated by inflammasome assembly, including the canonical pathway of CASP1 and the non-canonical pathway activated by CASP11 or CASP4/5 in mice or humans, respectively [ 113 , 114 ].…”