Role of quercetin and arginine in ameliorating nano zinc oxide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Abstract

BackgroundNanoparticles are small-scale substances (<100 nm) with unique properties. Therefore, nanoparticles pose complex health risk implications. The objective of this study was to detect whether treatment with quercetin (Qur) and/or arginine (Arg) ameliorated nephrotoxicity induced by two different doses of nano zinc oxide (n-ZnO) particles.MethodZnO nanoparticles were administered orally in two doses (either 600 mg or 1 g/Kg body weight/day for 5 conscutive days) to Wister albino rats. In order to detect the protective effects of the studied antioxidants against n-ZnO induced nepherotoxicity, different biochemical parameters were investigated. Moreover, histopathological examination of kidney tissue was performed.ResultsNano zinc oxide-induced nephrotoxicity was confirmed by the elevation in serum inflammatory markers including: tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6); and C-reactive protein (CRP). Moreover, immunoglobulin (IGg), vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF), and nitric oxide (NO) were significantly increased in rat serum. Serum urea and creatinine levels were also significantly increased in rats intoxicated with n-ZnO particles compared with the control group. Additionally, a significant decrease in the non-enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) was shown in kidney tissues and serum glucose levels were increased. These biochemical findings were supported by a histopathological examination of kidney tissues, which showed that in the animals that received a high dose of n-ZnO, numerous kidney glomeruli underwent atrophy and fragmentation. Moreover, the renal tubules showed epithelial desquamation, degeneration and necrosis. Some renal tubules showed casts in their lumina. Severe congestion was also observed in renal interstitium. These effects were dose dependent. Cotreatment of rats with Qur and/or Arg along with n-ZnO significantly improved most of the deviated tested parameters.ConclusionsThe data show that Qur has a beneficial effect against n-ZnO oxidative stress and related vascular complications. Also, its combination with Arg proved to be even more effective in ameliorating nano zinc oxide nephrotoxicity.

Procalcitonine, Nitric oxide and C-Reactive Protein concentrations in rats with experimentally-induced infectious and noninfectious inflammation

“…However, some studies indicated that rat CRP is used for the marker of inflammation (2,12,18). In this study it was determined that CRP concentrations were raised after administrations in three group but this increase was not statistically significant.…”

“…CRP, is reported as major acute phase protein in human and canine (4,10,15). CRP is a useful marker of inflammatory clinical situation (12). In the rat CRP has been studied as a marker of inflammation using experimental models (2,12,18).…”

“…CRP is a useful marker of inflammatory clinical situation (12). In the rat CRP has been studied as a marker of inflammation using experimental models (2,12,18). But some researchers investigated that CRP was less sensitive marker of inflammation in the rat than in the human (3,6).…”

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: The Hidden Danger

“…The small particle size of NPs including ZnO-NPs creates large surface area per unit mass, thus increasing surface reactivity of NPs in the cells and their ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) [13]. Therefore, NPs may cause more inflammation than larger particles of the same materials at the same dose [60].…”

“…NPs can enter the human body through different routes as ingestion and inhalation [13]. Due to their small size, NPs can translocate through epithelial and endothelial cells into the circulatory and lymphatic systems to reach body tissues and organs as liver, kidneys, heart, spleen and bone marrow where they induce cell damage by oxidative stress and/or organelle injury [2,45,61].…”