Role of reactive oxygen species and isoflavonoids in soybean resistance to the attack of the southern green stink bug

Abstract

Southern green stink bugs (Nezara viridula L.) are one of the major pests in many soybean producing areas. They cause a decrease in yield and affect seed quality by reducing viability and vigor. Alterations have been reported in the oxidative response and in the secondary metabolites in different plant species due to insect damage. However, there is little information available on soybean-stink bug interactions. In this study we compare the response of undamaged and damaged seeds by Nezara viridula in two soybean cultivars, IAC-100 (resistant) and Davis (susceptible), grown under greenhouse conditions. Pod hardness, H2O2 generation, enzyme activities in guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as lipoxygenase expression and isoflavonoid production were quantified. Our results showed a greater resistance of IAC-100 to pod penetration, a decrease in peroxide content after stink bug attack, and higher GPOX, CAT and SOD activities in seeds due to the genotype and to the genotype-interaction with the herbivory treatment. Induction of LOX expression in both cultivars and higher production of isoflavonoids in IAC-100 were also detected. It was then concluded that the herbivory stink bug induces pathways related to oxidative stress and to the secondary metabolites in developing seeds of soybean and that differences between cultivars hold promise for a plant breeding program.

Metabolomics Differences of Glycine max QTLs Resistant to Soybean Looper

“…Daidzein has been shown to be toxic to insects [ 34 , 35 , 36 ] and was previously associated with insect resistance [ 34 , 35 , 37 ]. Since daidzein is the only metabolite that demonstrates major increases in M and EM compared to Benning ( Figure 2 ), we focused on it for a more in-depth analysis.…”

The stink bug Dichelops furcatus: a new pest of corn that emerges from soybean stubble

“…13,14 Furthermore, stink bug-attacked developing seeds of field-grown soybean produce important defenses, such as isoflavonoid content and protease inhibitors, and inhibit insect attack. 13,16,34,35 However, stink bugs are able to avoid plant defenses by inducing digestive proteases inhibitors-insensitive cysteine proteases or by non-transit gut microbiota that deactivates protease inhibitors. 36,37 Currently, in Argentina an infestation rate of four D. furcatus adults per m 2 of soybean at seed development stage (R5) 38 decreases crop yield by around 10%, showing the growing economic burden of this pest.…”

“…However, the early perception of stink bug damage by plants induces different signaling pathways, which are mediated by mitogen‐activated protein kinases 13,14 . Furthermore, stink bug‐attacked developing seeds of field‐grown soybean produce important defenses, such as isoflavonoid content and protease inhibitors, and inhibit insect attack 13,16,34,35 . However, stink bugs are able to avoid plant defenses by inducing digestive proteases inhibitors‐insensitive cysteine proteases or by non‐transit gut microbiota that deactivates protease inhibitors 36,37 .…”

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis of GmUGT Enhanced Soybean Resistance Against Leaf-Chewing Insects Through Flavonoids Biosynthesis

“… Ghione et al (2021) found four markers associated with resistance genes against stink bugs using the association mapping strategy. To date, several insect-resistance QTLs, specific for leaf-chewing insects, have been identified in the soybean germplasm ( Rector et al, 2000 ; Zhu et al, 2008 ; Wang et al, 2015 ; Ortega et al, 2016 ; Sabljic et al, 2020 ; Ghione et al, 2021 ; Lucini et al, 2021 ). Interestingly, Ortega et al (2017) reported that the Glyma.07g110300 marker (encoding a UDP-glycosyltransferase) in QTL-M was a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that could be used for the marker-assisted selection of insect-resistance QTLs and Glyma.07g110300 exhibits a loss of function in insect-resistant soybean germplasms.…”