Role of resistin in cardiovascular diseases: Implications for prevention and treatment

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are associated with socioeconomic and, most importantly, with clinical problems. Accordingly, the identification of early and specific biomarkers indicating metabolic changes that underlie disease development and/or progression is important and may improve preventive and treatment strategies. A recently discovered protein -resistin (ADSF, FIZZ3) -whose expression is increased in carbohydrate metabolism and adipose tissue disorders, seems to be worth of interest in this context. The current publication was based on a detailed review of available literature, including Medline, EBSCO, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. The search period was between January 1, 2001 and December 20, 2020. The following keywords were used: "resistin", "resistin AND cardiology" and "resistin AND cardiosurgery". Our review covered a total of 4476 records, 594 of which were review publications. The presented article summarizes the current knowledge on the role of resistin in prevention and treatment of CVDs. Available literature shows that resistin may be a predictor for various pathological states; however, data from some studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms of action are contradictory. There is a need for further investigations to explore the exact role of resistin in CVDs.

Evidence that resistin acts on the mechanical responses of the mouse gastric fundus

“…Several potential resistin receptors have been suggested but its specific one has not yet been identified and scarce information concerning the downstream signaling mechanisms of action is available (Badoer, 2021). Nevertheless, the hormone has been reported to be involved in a broad range of physiological and pathological conditions, both in rodents and in humans, acting centrally and peripherally (Aitken-Buck et al, 2020;Recinella et al, 2020;Deb et al, 2021;Rachwalik et al, 2021). In particular, resistin acting at the hypothalamic level influences energy homeostasis and modulates feeding, displaying anorexigenic effects in rodents (Brunetti et al, 2004;Tovar et al, 2005;Vázquez et al, 2008;Cifani et al, 2009).…”

The Role of Selected Adipocytokines in Ovarian Cancer and Endometrial Cancer

“…In serum, it occurs as a dimeric protein composed of two 92-amino acid polypeptides linked by a disulfide bridge and its physiological concentration ranges from 7 to 22 ng/mL. In humans, monocytes are the main source, while in rodents, it is mostly produced by adipocytes [ 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 ]. It has been shown that in obese individuals, the resistin concentration is above the upper limit of reference values [ 181 ].…”

The Role of Adipokines in Cardiovascular Pathology

“…Resistin was discovered in 2001 by a group of researchers at the University of Pennsylvania. The name of this adipokine is derived from the phrase, "insulin resistance" [7]. It is produced by monocytes and macrophages as well as adipocytes, and its level rises with adipose tissue mass [8].…”

“…It was also proved that resistin is associated with recurrent cardiac events in patients' hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) [11]. High resistin concentration in ACS was hypothesized to result from its release on atherosclerotic blood clot detachment [7], [12]. A heightened resistin level is predictive of not only coronary atherosclerosis but also recurrent stenosis after coronary stenting [13].…”