Role of respiratory assistance devices in endemic nosocomial pneumonia

A comparison of the myocardial metabolic and haemodynamic changes produced by propofol-sufentanil and enflurane-sufentanil anaesthesia for patients having coronary artery bypass graft surgery

“…Cardiac surgical patients with preserved ventricular function, receiving propofol for induction and maintenance anaesthesia, were studied by Vermeyen et al [5 They noted reductions in systolic (-28%), and diastolic (-23%) blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance (-25%), and left ventricular stroke work index (-32%) on induction of anaesthesia. There was no increase in cardiac index or heart rate, and no changes in cardiac filling pressures.…”

Role of Gastric Colonization in Nosocomial Infections and Endotoxemia: A Prospective Study in Neurosurgical Patients on Mechanical Ventilation

“…influenzae [22], or gram-negative bacilli [23] in intubated patients. 419 Since tracheal colonization rarely results from contaminated respiratory assistance devices [24], the microorganisms most often penetrate the trachea during intubation [21] or thereafter when the endotracheal tube alters or bypasses local defense mechanisms [23, 25J. The patients were already intubated when they were enrolled in our study.…”

Pharmaceutical strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia

“…Although patients receiving mechanical ventilation do not represent a major proportion of patients who have nosocomial pneumonia, they are at the greatest risk of acquiring the infection. Patients receiving mechanical ventilation are 6±21 times more likely to develop pneumonia than unventilated patients (Cross & Roup 1981;Celis et al 1988;Horan et al 1993;Chastre et al 1995;Fagon et al 1996). Cook et al (1998a) showed that the risk of developing VAP increased cumulatively with the duration of mechanical ventilation, with an overall rate of 14.8 cases per 1000 ventilator days.…”

“…There is a two-to ten-fold increase in mortality among ICU patients (Cross & Roup 1981;Craven et al 1986;Torres et al 1990). Reported crude mortality of patients with VAP ranges from 24% to 71%, depending on pathogen, type of ICU, diagnostic method utilised and extent of underlying disease (Craven et al 1986;Fagon et al 1989Fagon et al , 1993Jimenez et al 1989;Ferrer et al 1994;Baker et al 1996).…”