Role of nano‐zirconia in the mechanical properties improvement of resin cement used for tooth fragment reattachment

Abstract

Dental fractures of the anterior teeth are a common form of dental trauma. Reattachment of fractured tooth fragment by means of self‐adhesive resin cement is currently compromised by the poor mechanical properties of these ceramics. Herein, we synthesized zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (nano‐ZrO2) using the Co‐precipitation approach and then mixing it in different concentrations (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 5.0 wt%) with the commercially available RelyX™ Unicem self‐adhesive universal resin cement (ARC) forming, nano‐ZrO2/ARC. Both the synthesized nano‐ZrO2 and nano‐ZrO2/ARC were characterized using a high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HR‐TEM), field‐emission scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared technique. The HR‐TEM images revealed that the synthesized nano‐ZrO2 was spherical with a size of ~ 12 nm. The results showed that the addition of nano‐ZrO2 significantly enhanced the mechanical properties as fracture resistance, compressive strength, diametral tensile, and micro‐hardness values of the resin cement. The mixing 3.0 wt% of nano‐ZrO2 with ARC revealed the maximum improvement in the mechanical properties and, consequently, the resin's repair strength. Their incorporation with ARC up to 3.0% wt did not cause significant cell death than ARC alone. We believe that the information discussed here might be relevant to the stability of nano‐ZrO2‐modified resin cement and, therefore, to its clinical usage for fragment tooth reattachment, cementation of dental crowns, bridges, and bands.

Fabrication and characterization of epoxidized natural rubber nanocomposites reinforced with mercapto‐functionalized nanozirconia filler

“…Figure 2 presents the FTIR spectra of the coupling agent MTS, raw ZrO 2 , and mercapto‐functionalized ZrO 2 (SH‐ZrO 2 NPs), offering visual representation of the spectroscopic results. In the spectrum of raw ZrO 2 , a strong and broad band at 3441 cm −1 , accompanied by a broad peak near 1630 cm −1 , indicates the presence of physisorbed and possibly coordinated water, with the latter being attributed to the bending mode (δ HOH ) of coordinated molecular water 51 . The detection of a peak at 1406 cm −1 provides evidence for the existence of ZrOH groups, characterized by their distinctive bending vibration 52 .…”

“…In the spectrum of raw ZrO 2 , a strong and broad band at 3441 cm À1 , accompanied by a broad peak near 1630 cm À1 , indicates the presence of physisorbed and possibly coordinated water, with the latter being attributed to the bending mode (δ HOH ) of coordinated molecular water. 51 The detection of a peak at 1406 cm À1 provides evidence for the existence of Zr OH groups, characterized by their distinctive bending vibration. 52 Moreover, the chemical structure of the nanoparticles is defined by the presence of Zr O bonds, identifiable at wavenumbers of 540 and 747 cm À1 .…”

Synthesis of Cross-Linked and Sterilized Water-Soluble Electrospun Nanofiber Biomatrix of Streptomycin-Imbedded PVA/CHN/β-CD for Wound Healing

“…Afterward, 70 μL of SRB solution (0.4% w/v) was mixed and left at RT for 10 min in the dark. Plates were cleaned 3 times with 1% acetic acid and air-dried for 24 h. The protein-bound (SRB) stain was then solubilized in 150 μL of TRIS (10 mM), and the optical density was recorded at 540 nm via (the BMG LABTECH-FLUO star Omega microplate reader, Ortenberg, Germany). , …”

Effect of modified nano‐titanium and fly ash on ultra‐high‐performance concrete properties

“…While, incorporation of nano‐SiO 2 into cementitious composites has been shown to increase the materials' resistance to chloride penetration, freezing and thawing, permeability, corrosion resistance, and fire resistance 47,48 . When nano‐ZrO 2 by 3.0 wt% is used as a filler in cementitious materials, the mechanical properties of concrete can be increased 49 . It has been shown that incorporation of nano‐Al 2 O 3 at 5% results in an growth in modulus of elasticity of 143% 50 .…”

“…47,48 When nano-ZrO 2 by 3.0 wt% is used as a filler in cementitious materials, the mechanical properties of concrete can be increased. 49 It has been shown that incorporation of nano-Al 2 O 3 at 5% results in an growth in modulus of elasticity of 143%. 50 When 5% nano-Fe 2 O 3 is added to cement composites, the electrical resistivity of these materials can be reduced by 45%.…”