Role of shiga-like toxin I in bacterial enteritis: Comparison between isogenic Escherichia coli strains induced in rabbits

Sjogren, Robert W.; Neill, Roger; Rachmilewitz, Daniel; Fritz, David L.; Newland, John W.; Sharpnack, Douglas D.; Colleton, Curtis; Fondacaro, Joseph D.; Gemski, P.; Boedeker, Edgar C.

doi:10.1016/0016-5085(94)90587-8

Cited by 73 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…While mouse models have been used most frequently to date, most are not appropriate because high doses of inoculum, more than 10 7 CFU/body, are usually required for establishment of STEC infection, and often mice do not develop diarrhea even when they are inoculated with such high doses of STEC (21,23). On the contrary, the rabbit model has the major advantages of the reproducibility of diarrhea and susceptibility to STEC infection and Stx toxicity (7,26,36,44,50,55). In this study, we used the infant rabbit model with administration of a lower number of bacteria (ϳ10 3 CFU/body) than reported previously (36,44,50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect ofLactobacillus caseiStrain Shirota on Shiga Toxin-ProducingEscherichia coliO157:H7 Infection in Infant Rabbits

et al. 2001

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect ofLactobacillus caseiStrain Shirota on Shiga Toxin-ProducingEscherichia coliO157:H7 Infection in Infant Rabbits

et al. 2001

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“…Our results are compatible with previous studies cited above showing that Stx2 is necessary for disease in orally infected mice, but studies performed with other models suggest a role for Stx1 in disease. For example, Sjogren et al (47) observed enhanced severity of enteric disease in rabbits infected with RDEC that was engineered to express Stx1. Also, direct injection studies with mice have shown that parenteral Stx1 alone, as well as Stx2, causes renal disease (20,51).…”

Section: %)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Renal Disease Due to Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Germ-Free Mice

et al. 2008

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Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a food-borne pathogen that causes hemorrhagic colitis and acute renal failure. We used a germ-free mouse model to investigate the role of host factors, Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2), and bacterial strain in disease due to EHEC. Germ-free male and female Swiss-Webster mice that were 3 days to 12 weeks old were orally inoculated with 1 of 10 EHEC strains or derivatives of two of these strains with Stx2 deleted. All inoculated mice became infected regardless of the inoculum dose. All bacterial strains colonized the intestines, reaching levels of 10 9 to 10 12 CFU/g of feces by 4 days after inoculation. Seven of the 10 wild-type strains caused disease. However, the two Stx2 deletion mutants, unlike the Stx2 ؉ parental strains, did not cause disease. The clinical signs of disease in mice included lethargy, dehydration, polyuria, polydypsia, and death. Postmortem examination of affected mice revealed dehydration and luminal cecal fluid accumulation. Histologic examination revealed close adherence of bacteria to the intestinal epithelium in the ileum and cecum but not in the colon. Other lesions included progressive renal tubular necrosis, glomerular fibrin thrombosis, and red blood cell sludging. The severity of disease varied according to the bacterial strain and age, but not sex, of the host. This study demonstrated that EHEC colonizes germ-free mice in large numbers, adheres to the intestinal epithelium, and causes luminal cecal fluid accumulation and progressive renal failure. The disease in mice was Stx2 and bacterial strain dependent. This animal model should be a useful tool for studying the pathogenesis of renal disease secondary to EHEC infection.Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), a food-borne bacterial pathogen of humans, is a normal inhabitant of the ruminant intestine. This organism is most often transmitted to humans in undercooked meat, but it has also caused outbreaks associated with contaminated vegetables (5, 28), fruit juices (6), and drinking water (41). The disease manifestations include watery or bloody diarrhea and can be severe enough to cause hospitalization and even death (18). In addition, some affected children (and rarely adults) develop hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), a rapidly progressive, often fatal form of renal failure that is attributed to expression of Shiga toxins (Stx) by pathogenic bacteria (2, 18). HUS is defined by a triad of symptoms that includes hemolysis, uremia, and thrombocytopenia. It is a rare complication of disease due to EHEC, but its importance is amplified by its severity, tendency to affect young children, and the absence of any specific treatment or preventative measure. Thus, the significance of disease due to EHEC is derived from its food-borne nature and its potentially severe consequences.Both HUS and hemorrhagic colitis caused by EHEC have been attributed to the production of Stx by pathogenic bacteria (2, 50) referred to as Stx-producing E. coli (STEC). The Stxs are macromolecular cytotoxins that are phage encode...

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“…Evidence provided by Rashid et al (2006) indicated that Shiga toxins are equally expressed in EHEC O157:H7-challenged cattle and humans suggesting that these toxins could have an impact on intestinal mucosa from cattle. Shiga toxins and other cytotoxins are toxic to epithelial cell lines, primary cultures of animal cells in vitro and intestinal organ cultures (Konowalchuk et al 1977;Sjogren et al 1994;Bauer and Welch 1996;Valdivieso-Garcia et al 1996;Schuller et al 2004;Aldick et al 2007). These toxins can also affect gene expression in lymphocytes (Ferens and Hovde 2000;Menge et al 2004), fibroblasts (Ferens and Hovde 2007) and epithelial cell lines (Robinson et al 2006).…”

Section: Ivoc Adherence Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Escherichia coli O157:H7-secreted cytotoxins are toxic to enterocytes and increase Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization of jejunum and descending colon in cattle

Baines¹,

Masson²,

McAllister³

2008

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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, T. 2008. Escherichia coli O157:H7-secreted cytotoxins are toxic to enterocytes and increase Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization of jejunum and descending colon in cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88: 41Á50. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7-secreted cytotoxins are toxic to target cells and enhance colonization of intestinal tissues in disease-susceptible animals. It is unclear what role, if any, EHEC O157:H7-secreted cytotoxins play in the colonization of intestinal tissues of healthy reservoir animals. We previously reported that EHEC O157:H7 colonization sites were associated with focal hemorrhages in the jejunum and descending colon of persistent shedding cattle, suggesting a potential role for cytotoxins in EHEC O157:H7 colonization. We have used a traditional EHEC O157:H7 IVOC adherence assay and a novel lawn assay to examine the role of EHEC O157:H7-secreted cytotoxins in EHEC O157:H7 strain colonization of the jejunum and descending colon of non-persistent and persistent shedding cattle. Four EHEC O157:H7 strains that were previously reported to differentially colonize cattle produced cytotoxins that were differentially active against epithelial cells from the jejunum and descending colon. There was a relationship between EHEC O157:H7-secreted cytotoxin activity and strain adherence for epithelial cells from the jejunum and descending colon of cattle. There was also a greater susceptibility of epithelial cells from the jejunum and descending colon to EHEC O157:H7-secreted cytotoxins of persistent shedding cattle compared with non-persistent shedding cattle. Addition of the most active secreted cytotoxins from EHEC O157:H7 R318N to the IVOC adherence assays significantly increased the adherence of the most (R318N) and least (H4420N) virulent EHEC O157:H7 strain to intestinal tissues. The current study supports a role for EHEC O157:H7-secreted cytotoxins in enhancing EHEC O157:H7 colonization of intestinal tissues of cattle.Key words: Escherichia coli O157:H7, cattle, intestine, cytotoxins, colonization Baines, D., Masson, L. et McAllister, T. 2008. Les cytotoxines se´cre´te´es par Escherichia coli O157:H7 sont toxiques pour les ente´rocytes et favorisent la colonisation du je´junum et du coˆlon descendant des bovins par le microorganisme. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88: 41Á50. Les cytotoxynes se´cre´te´es par la souche O157:H7 d'Escherichia coli ente´ro-he´morragique (EHEC) sont toxiques pour les cellules cibles et favorisent la colonisation des tissus intestinaux chez les animaux sensibles a`la maladie. Le roˆle e´ventuel des cytotoxynes de EHEC O157:H7 dans la colonisation des tissus intestinaux des porteurs sains n'est toutefois pas claire. Ante´rieurement, les auteurs avaient signale´que les sites colonise´s par EHEC O157:H7 e´taient associe´s a`des foyers d'he´morragie dans le je´junum et le coˆlon descendant des animaux excre´teurs, signe que les cytotoxynes libe´re´es par le microorganisme pourraient intervenir. Ils ont recouru a`une e´preuve classique d'adhe´rence IVOC pour EHEC O157:H7 ainsi ...

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Role of shiga-like toxin I in bacterial enteritis: Comparison between isogenic Escherichia coli strains induced in rabbits

Cited by 73 publications

References 45 publications

Protective Effect ofLactobacillus caseiStrain Shirota on Shiga Toxin-ProducingEscherichia coliO157:H7 Infection in Infant Rabbits

Protective Effect ofLactobacillus caseiStrain Shirota on Shiga Toxin-ProducingEscherichia coliO157:H7 Infection in Infant Rabbits

Pathogenesis of Renal Disease Due to Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Germ-Free Mice

Escherichia coli O157:H7-secreted cytotoxins are toxic to enterocytes and increase Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization of jejunum and descending colon in cattle

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