Role of Small Intestine Submucosa (SIS) as a Nerve Conduit: Preliminary Report

Smith, Ryan M.; Wiedl, Christina M.; Chubb, P.; Greene, Charlotte H.

doi:10.1080/08941930490524417

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Meanwhile, it is critical to search for an appropriate kind of material served as scaffold. A variety of materials, including synthetic and natural materials have attempted to be employed to bridge nerve defects (Evans et al 2002;Keilhoff et al 2003; Smith et al 2004). ANA with component of natural peripheral nerve extracellular matrix are used extensively (Kim et al 2004;English et al 2007;Hu et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Nerve Regeneration of Acellular Nerve Allografts Seeded with SCs Bridging the Sciatic Nerve Defects of Rat

et al. 2008

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The objective of the paper is to evaluate the effect of acellular nerve allografts (ANA) seeded with Schwann cells to promote nerve regeneration after bridging the sciatic nerve defects of rats and to discuss its acting mechanisms. Schwann cells were isolated from neonatal Wistar rats. In vitro Schwann cells were microinjected into acellular nerve allografts and co-cultured. Twenty-four Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into three groups with eight rats in each group: ANA seeded with Schwann cells (ANA + SCs), ANA group and autografts group. All the grafts were, respectively, served for bridging a 10-mm long surgically created sciatic nerve gap. Examinations of regeneration nerve were performed after 12 weeks by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electrophysiological methods, and then analyzed statistically. The results obtained indicated that in vitro Schwann cells displayed the feature of bipolar morphology with oval nuclei. Compared with ANA group, the conduction velocity of ANA + SCs group and autograft group was faster after 12 weeks, latent period was shorter, and wave amplitude was higher (P < 0.05). The difference between ANA + SCs group and autograft group is not significant (P > 0.05). Regeneration nerve myelinated fiber number, myelin sheath thickness, and myelinated fibers/total nerves (%) in both ANA + SCs group and autograft group are higher than that in ANA group; the difference is significant (P < 0.05). The difference between the former two is not significant (P > 0.05). In conclusion, ANA seeded with SCs could improve nerve regeneration and functional recovery after bridging the sciatic nerve gap of rats, which offers a novel approach for the repair peripheral nerve defect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Nerve Regeneration of Acellular Nerve Allografts Seeded with SCs Bridging the Sciatic Nerve Defects of Rat

et al. 2008

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“…22,[41][42][43][44] The flexibility and mechanical properties of the NGC is an important factor for nerve regeneration to manipulate and resist stretching forces during implant surgery and to retain their shape during the nerve regeneration process. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Therefore, it is essential to explore the mechanical characteristics of nerve conduits. Our mechanical testing data and animal experiment results showed that the prepared SIS-and PCLA-NGCs had good flexibility and possessed sufficient toughness to resist compression or collapse upon implantation during peripheral nerve regeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various SIS-based biomedical products have been developed and commercialized due to its good biocompatibility and nonimmunogenic property. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] To our knowledge, however, SIS-based NGCs have received little attention at the early stages of in vivo research. 32 Thus, SIS may be considered as a candidate to easily give SIS-NGCs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Small Intestine Submucosa and Poly(caprolactone-co-lactide) Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Shim

Kwon

Lee

et al. 2015

Tissue Engineering Part A

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The present study employed nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) only, which were made of small intestine submucosa (SIS) and poly(caprolactone-co-lactide) (PCLA) to promote nerve regeneration in a peripheral nerve injury (PNI) model with nerve defects of 15 mm. The SIS-and PCLA-NGCs were easily prepared by rolling of a SIS sheet and a bioplotter using PCLA, respectively. The prepared SIS-and PCLA-NGCs fulfilled the general requirement for use as artificial peripheral NGCs such as easy fabrication, reproducibility for mass production, suturability, sterilizability, wettability, and proper mechanical properties to resist collapsing when applied to in vivo implantation. The SIS-and PCLA-NGCs appeared to be well integrated into the host sciatic nerve without causing dislocations and serious inflammation. All NGCs stably maintained their NGC shape for 8 weeks without collapsing, which matched well with the nerve regeneration rate. Staining of the NGCs in the longitudinal direction showed that the regenerated nerves grew successfully from the SIS-and PCLA-NGCs through the sciatic nerve-injured gap and connected from the proximal to distal direction along the NGC axis. SIS-NGCs exhibited a higher nerve regeneration rate than PCLANGCs. Collectively, our results indicate that SIS-and PCLA-NGCs induced nerve regeneration in a PNI model, a finding that has significant implications in the future with regard to the feasibility of clinical nerve regeneration with SIS-and PCLA-NGCs prepared through an easy fabrication method using promising biomaterials.

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“…AxoGuard™ is the only FDA-approved device composed by small intestine submucosa (SIS) extracellular matrix ( Table 2). Preliminary studies in rat sciatic model showed distally directed growth of the proximal nerve [98]. Later further in vivo studies revealed better EMG response for distal motor latency and amplitude [99].…”

Section: Biological Conduitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration, the Importance of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies for the Development of Cell-Based Therapies and Biomaterials: State of the Art

Pedrosa¹,

Caseiro²,

Santos³

et al. 2017

Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering - Materials, Technologies and Clinical Applications

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Human adult peripheral nerve injuries are a high incidence clinical problem that greatly affects patients' quality of life. Although peripheral nervous system has intrinsic regenerative capacity, this occurs in an incomplete or poorly functional manner. When a nerve fiber loses its continuity with consequent damage of the basal lamina tubes, axon spontaneous regeneration is disorganized and mismatched. These phenomena translate in an inadequate nerve functional recovery and consequent musculoskeletal incapacity. Nerve grafts still remain the gold standard in peripheral injuries treatment. However, this approach contains its disadvantages such as the necessity of primary surgery to harvest the autografts, loss of a functional nerve, donor site morbidity and longer surgery procedures. Therefore, biomaterials and tissue engineering can provide efficient resources and alternatives to nerve injury repair not only by the development of biocompatible structures but also, introducing neurotrophic factors and cellular systems to stimulate optimum clinical outcome. In this chapter, a comprehensive state-of-the art picture of tissue-engineered nerve grafts scaffolds, their application in nerve regeneration along with latest advances in peripheral nerve repair and future perspectives will be discussed, including our own large experience in this field of knowledge.

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Role of Small Intestine Submucosa (SIS) as a Nerve Conduit: Preliminary Report

Cited by 35 publications

References 18 publications

Improving Nerve Regeneration of Acellular Nerve Allografts Seeded with SCs Bridging the Sciatic Nerve Defects of Rat

Improving Nerve Regeneration of Acellular Nerve Allografts Seeded with SCs Bridging the Sciatic Nerve Defects of Rat

Evaluation of Small Intestine Submucosa and Poly(caprolactone-co-lactide) Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Scaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration, the Importance of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies for the Development of Cell-Based Therapies and Biomaterials: State of the Art

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