Synthesis and investigation of physical properties of zinc sulfide nanoparticles, which are encapsulated into biopolymer matrix of sodium alginate are described in the article. Synthesis was conducted by chemical deposition method from aqueous solution. Electronic microscopy, diffractometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry methods were used for analysis of physical parameters of composite and for calculation of the value of the lattice constant of zinc sulfide with alginate. Presence of antimicrobial activity of synthesized nanocomposite towards some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is shown.