Role of Stigma in the Expression of Self-incompatibility in Crucifers in View of Genetic Analysis

Hinata, Kokichi; Okazaki, Keiichi

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8622-3_31

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…yellow sarson, which was derived from a naturalized population in India. The compatibility of this line was found to be regulated by a recessive gene, designated as m gene (Hinata and Okazaki 1986). The M locus was independent of and epistatic to the S locus, and the S 8 S 8 mm plants exhibited a complete loss of self-incompatibility response in the stigma, but not in the pollen, suggesting that the M gene encodes a key effector working downstream of SRK.…”

Section: Signaling Cascade Downstream Of Sp11-srk Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Recent Progresses on Self-incompatibility Research in Brassica Species

et al. 2003

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Many hermaphrodite plant species have evolved mechanisms to prevent self-fertilization. One such mechanism is self-incompatibility (SI), which is defined as the inability of a fertile hermaphrodite plant to produce zygotes after self-pollination. SI prevents self-fertilization by rejecting pollen from plants with the same genotype. The SI system in Brassica is controlled sporophytically by multiple alleles at a single locus, designated as S, and involves cell-cell communication between male and female. When the S phenotype of the pollen is the same as that of the stigma, pollen germination and/or pollen tube penetration are disturbed on the papilla cells. On the female side, two genes (SLG and SRK) located at the S locus, are involved in the SI reaction. SLG is a secreted glycoprotein expressed abundantly in the papilla cell, and SRK is a membrane-spanning receptor-like serine/ threonine kinase whose extracellular domain is highly similar to SLG. Gain-of-function experiments have demonstrated that SRK solely determines S haplotypespecificity of the stigma, while SLG enhances the recognition reaction of SI. The sequence analysis of the S locus genomic region of Brassica campestris (syn. rapa) has led to the identification of an anther-specific gene, designated as SP11, which encodes a small cysteine-rich basic protein. Pollination bioassay and gain-of-function experiments have indicated that SP11 is the male S determinant. When the sequence of SP11 was aligned, six cysteine residues were found to be completely conserved among alleles. These conserved cysteine residues could be important for the tertiary structure of SP11. Recent biochemical analysis has suggested that SP11 operates as a sole ligand to activate its cognate SRK specifically. Because the activity of the S allele is controlled sporophytically, dominance relationships influence the ultimate phenotype of both the stigma and pollen. Molecular analysis has demonstrated that the dominance relationships between S alleles in the stigma were determined by SRK itself, but not by the relative expression level. In contrast, in the pollen, the expression of SP11 from the recessive S allele was specifically suppressed in the S heterozygote, suggesting that the dominance relationships in pollen were determined by the expression level of SP11.

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Section: Signaling Cascade Downstream Of Sp11-srk Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Recent Progresses on Self-incompatibility Research in Brassica Species

et al. 2003

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“…In the Brassicaceae, there are several other examples of major genes, unlinked to the S locus, which contribute to the functioning of the SI mechanism at one stage or another and lead, when deleted or inactivated by a mutation, to the modification or breakdown of the system (Nasrallah 1974;Hinata and Okazaki 1986;Nasrallah and Nasrallah 1989;Hinata et al 1993). A clear case of such involvement, typical of post-recognitition events, is illustrated by the MOD gene, which is epistatic to the S locus and encodes a protein related to membrane channels (aquaporins) regulating the transport of water through biological membranes (Ikeda et al 1997).…”

Section: In Sporophytic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incompatibility and Incongruity in Wild and Cultivated Plants

Nettancourt

2001

659

524

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“…These self-compatible variants have generally been attributed to mutations in "modifier" genes that are unlinked to the S locus (Thompson and Taylor, 1971;Nasrallah, 1974;Hinata and Okasaki, 1986). The molecular basis of these mutations is not known except for a variant B. oleracea strain in which SI was associated with a reduction in SLG in the stigma (Nasrallah, 1974).…”

Section: Analysis Of Self-compatible Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen[mdash]Stigma Signaling in the Sporophytic Self-Incompatibility Response.

Nasrallah

1993

Plant Cell

186

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INTRODUCTIONMany flowering plants reproduce sexually and generate variation by the process of recombination. Because the possibility of continued evolution is dependent, at least in part, on the production of new variant combinations of genes derived from different individuals, the potential for adaptation is believed to be better under cross-pollination than under self-pollination. In fact, if self-incompatible plants are manipulated to undergo forced self-pollination, they invariably produce progeny with marked inbreeding depression. It is therefore not surprising to find that plants have evolved a variety of mechanisms that favor outcrossing. For example, the crucifer family (Brassicaceae) has an elaborate genetic self-incompatibility (SI) system that controls mating in natural populations of nearly half of the species belonging to this family. This system acts early in pollination to arrest pollen derived from "self." Such plants require cross-pollination to ensure maximal seed production. Radishes, kales, and cabbages are examples of crucifers that rely on outcrossing via cross-pollination by insect vectors to complete their life cycle in the wild. Genetic SI in crucifers is controlled by a complex and highly polymorphic S locus with many specificities or mating reactions. In this review, we discuss the role of the gene products encoded at the S locus in light of recent molecular genetic data derived from the analysis of three Brassica species, B. oleracea, B. campestris, and B. napus. GENETIC AND CYTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE SPOROPHYTIC SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY SYSTEM OF BRASSICASI is based on the ability of the pistil to discern the presence of self-pollen and to inhibit the germination or subsequent development of self-related, but not genetically unrelated, pollen. In the Brassicaceae, the genetic control of SI was deciphered in the early 1950s with Bateman's analysis of lberis amara (Bateman, 1955). His genetic model, which has since been generalized to other Brassicaceae and is widely accepted (for review, see Nasrallah and Nasrallah, 1989) includes three basic features: (1) SI is genetically controlled by a single, multiallelicTo whom correspondence should be addressed. locus, the S locus; (2) pollen phenotype is determined not gametophytically by the haploid genotype of the pollen grain but sporophytically by the diploid genotype of the parent plant; and (3) codominant and/or dominant allelic interactions occur that determine the ultimate phenotype of stigma and pollen. The essence of this model is that an incompatible response occurs when the same S allele is active in stigma and pollen. The number of alleles that occur at the S locus is usually large, estimated at 22 in lberis (Bateman, 1955), 34 in Raphanus (Sampson, 1957), and 60 in B. oleracea (Ockendon, 1974).Sporophytically controlled SI systems have been described in members of the Compositae and Convolvulaceae as well as in the Brassicaceae. A common feature of plants with sporophytic SI is that the inhibition of self-pollen is very rapid and oc...

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Role of Stigma in the Expression of Self-incompatibility in Crucifers in View of Genetic Analysis

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Recent Progresses on Self-incompatibility Research in Brassica Species

Recent Progresses on Self-incompatibility Research in Brassica Species

Incompatibility and Incongruity in Wild and Cultivated Plants

Pollen[mdash]Stigma Signaling in the Sporophytic Self-Incompatibility Response.

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