Role of street trees in mitigating effects of heat and drought at highly sealed urban sites

Gillner, Sten; Vogt, Juliane; Tharang, Andreas; Dettmann, Sebastian; Roloff, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.06.005

Cited by 259 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Added vegetation can reduce sensible heat release through ground shading and evapotranspiration, which have been reported in many empirical and measurement studies (Donovan & Butry, 2009;Georgi & Dimitriou, 2010;Gillner, Vogt, Tharang, Dettmann, & Roloff, 2015). We found that the estimated sensible heat reductions from the scenarios LT, MT and HT were 5.84 × 10 8 J/ha, 9.95 × 10 8 J/ha and 20.06 × 10 8 J/ha, respectively, from 9:00 to 18:00, while considering both shading effects and evapotranspiration.…”

Section: The Contribution Of Vegetation Allocation On Sensible Heat Rmentioning

confidence: 75%

Optimizing the spatial arrangement of trees in residential neighborhoods for better cooling effects: Integrating modeling with in-situ measurements

Chen

2017

Landscape and Urban Planning

109

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A B S T R A C TTrees have long been recognized as effective for mitigating urban heat islands by reducing air temperature through evapotranspiration and intercepting shortwave radiation that heat up land surfaces. Many studies have shown that both the composition and configuration of vegetation can contribute to heat reduction at the city scale. Fewer studies, however, have focused on cooling mechanisms at the neighborhood scale. Here, we integrate modeling with in situ measurements to investigate how different spatial arrangements of trees in residential neighborhoods affect their cooling effects. We conducted the research in a residential neighborhood with high-rise apartment buildings in Beijing. We tested four scenarios with different spatial arrangements of trees, and quantified their effects on cooling. We used the high spatial and temporal resolution microclimate model ENVI-met and validated the model with in situ measurements. We found: (1) Different spatial arrangements had differentiated effects on intercepting shortwave radiation, which led to variations in air temperature. For example, new trees that were completely exposed to solar radiation had stronger cooling effects (air temperature was 0.22°C lower) than new trees that were located in the shadow of surrounding buildings. (2) Different spatial arrangements led to obviously different effects of sensible heat reduction, with a maximum difference of 14.84 × 10 8 J/ha. Our results underscore the importance of the spatial arrangement of trees on cooling in residential neighborhoods. These results have important implications in urban planning and design at the neighborhood scale.

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Section: The Contribution Of Vegetation Allocation On Sensible Heat Rmentioning

confidence: 75%

Optimizing the spatial arrangement of trees in residential neighborhoods for better cooling effects: Integrating modeling with in-situ measurements

Chen

2017

Landscape and Urban Planning

109

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“…In an empirical work by Gillner et al [7], the difference of the surface temperature between the shadowed area under different tree species and the nearby fully sun-exposed asphalt were measured with thermal sequences during a heat wave in Dresden, Germany. In this study, the thermal images were taken between 12:00 and 15:30 h CEST (Central European Summer Time) on three sunny and cloudless days in August.…”

Section: Assessing Cooling Effects By the Canopy Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the thermal images were taken between 12:00 and 15:30 h CEST (Central European Summer Time) on three sunny and cloudless days in August. They found a positive linear regression between the leaf area density (LAD) and the surface temperature differences between the sun-exposed and the shaded asphalt, explained by the following equation (see [7] (p. 39)):…”

Section: Assessing Cooling Effects By the Canopy Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reducing thermal stress due to shadow casting and transpiration [7][8][9]; • The leaves in the canopy act as a filter for gaseous pollutants (NO 2 , SO 2 , O 3 , CO) and particulate matter (PM 10 , PM 2.5 ) [10][11][12]; • The canopy can intercept huge amounts of water during rainfall [13,14] which leads to decreased storm water runoff; • CO 2 sequestration through photosynthesis helps to reduce greenhouse gases from the atmosphere [15,16]; • Trees provide a habitat for different animal species groups like insects, birds and mammals [17,18] and enhance biodiversity in cities.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cooling Effects and Regulating Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Trees—Novel Analysis Approaches Using Urban Tree Cadastre Data

2018

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Abstract:The provision of ecosystem services by urban trees is not yet routinely integrated in city administrations' planting scenarios because the quantification of these services is often time-consuming and expensive. Accounting for these welfare functions can enhance life quality for city dwellers. We present innovative approaches that may appeal to the numerous city administrations that keep tree inventory or cadastre databases of all trees growing on city property for civil law liability reasons. Mining these ubiquitous data can be a feasible alternative to field surveys and improve cost-benefit ratios for ecosystem service assessment. We present methods showing how data gaps (in particular tree height and crown light exposure) in the cadastre data can be filled to estimate ecosystem services with i-Tree Eco. Furthermore, we used the i-Tree Eco output for a noval approach which focus on predicting energy reduction as a proxy for cooling benefits provided by trees. The results for the total publicly owned and managed street trees in our study site of Duisburg (Germany) show that the most important ecosystem services are the removal of particulate matter by 16% of the city emissions and the reduction of 58% of the direct and thermal radiation in the effective range of the trees in the cadastre.

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“…With its fast growth rate, wide ecological range, extensive root system, and lack of major pest or disease treat, Turkish hazel can help preventing soil erosion (Shaw et al 2014). The species is also a valuable urban tree due its phytoremediation properties (Popek et al 2013) and high cooling potential (Gillner et al 2015). Different parts of the plant are valuable source of natural pharmacological compounds (Ceylan et al 2013;Riethmüller et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Türkiye’deki doğal Türk fındığı (Corylus colurna L.) popülasyonlarının durumu

Temel¹,

Arslan²,

Çakar³

2017

Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi

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Location and climate information of 18 natural Turkish hazel populations in Turkey is reported. Populations are small (mean area = 206 ha) and are found at 700 m to 1600 m above sea level. Mean annual temperature is 8.83 °C and (range: 6.9 − 11 °C) and mean annual precipitation is 654.28 mm (range: 477 − 952 mm) at population locations. The species is of interest in Turkey for plantation in arid and semi-arid regions but only three of the 18 population locations are classified as semi-arid. The rest of the populations are located in more humid environments. The genetic structure of these populations should be determined and a comprehensive gene conservation program should be put in place. A through genetic testing (provenance and/or progeny tests) should be conducted to determine suitable seed sources and families for plantation in semi-arid environments. ÖzetBu çalışmada Türkiye'deki 18 doğal Türk fındığı popülasyonunun konum ve iklim verileri irdelenmiştir. İncelenen popülasyonlar küçüktür (ortalama alan = 206 ha) ve deniz seviyesinden 700 ila 1600 m arasında bulunmaktadır. Popülasyon konumlarında yıllık ortalama sıcaklık 8.83°C (aralık: 6.9 − 11 °C) ve yıllık ortalama yağış 654.28 mm (aralık: 477 − 952 mm) olarak belirlenmiştir. Türün Türkiye'deki kurak ve yarı-kurak alanların ağaçlandırılmasında kullanılması yönünde bir ilgi vardır ancak incelenen popülasyonların sadece üçü yarı-kurak sahalarda bulunmaktadır. Diğer popülasyonlar daha nemli bölgelerde bulunmaktadır. Bu popülasyonların genetik yapısı belirlenmeli ve kapsamlı bir gen koruma programı gündeme alınmalıdır. Ayrıntılı köken (orijin) ve/veya döl denemeleri ile yarı-kurak sahaların ağaçlandırılmasında kullanılabilecek tohum kaynakları ve aileler belirlenmelidir.

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Role of street trees in mitigating effects of heat and drought at highly sealed urban sites

Cited by 259 publications

References 44 publications

Optimizing the spatial arrangement of trees in residential neighborhoods for better cooling effects: Integrating modeling with in-situ measurements

Optimizing the spatial arrangement of trees in residential neighborhoods for better cooling effects: Integrating modeling with in-situ measurements

Cooling Effects and Regulating Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Trees—Novel Analysis Approaches Using Urban Tree Cadastre Data

Türkiye’deki doğal Türk fındığı (Corylus colurna L.) popülasyonlarının durumu

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