Role of the Agricultural Initiative and Supporting Agencies in the Development of Palm Groves in Diwaniya and Muthanna Provinces

Abstract

The aim of this research is to identify the role of the agricultural initiative and the supporting devices in the development of palm orchards in Diwaniyah and Muthanna provinces. The aims of the research a questionnaire was prepared consisting (62) items distributed over (7) roles. The provinces of Diwaniyah and Muthanna were chosen for conducting the research. The owners of palm orchards benefiting from the agricultural initiative in the development of palm orchards in the provinces of Diwaniyah and Muthanna were (623) borrowers: including (294) borrowers for the establishment of modern palm groves and (329) borrowers for the development and service of existing palm orchards. A random sample 20% was selected from the research society, with a sample of (125) namely: (59) for the establishment of a modern palm grove and (66) for the development and servicing of existing palm orchards. The results of the research found that the numbers of palm orchards established through the agricultural initiative reached (294) and the numbers of orchards developed and served were (329). The numbers of palm trees planted through the establishment of modern palm groves on agricultural initiative loans amounted to (113978) palm trees. Also, the results found the extension agencies carried out (288) extension activities related to the development of palm orchards in the research area during the agricultural initiative period. The average percentage of the extension role paragraphs was 73%. But, the average percentage of the prevention role paragraphs was 69% in the field of modern palm groves. However, 70% in the development and service of existing palm orchards and the average percentage of the follow-up role paragraphs reached 75%. The research recommends the continuation of the agricultural initiative through the launch of a new initiative for the development of palm orchards such as the comprehensive agricultural initiative to promote the palm sector.

A study of the Environmental Effects of the Use of Palm Stem Injection Technology for the Purposes of Fertilization and Control of Palm Pests in the Al-Tarmiya District

“…Many health sources and cases of death and poisoning among individuals were diagnosed annually with pesticides. As a result of the farmers' lack of optimal management processes and their lack of knowledge of modern technologies in the use of fertilizers, irrigation and control methods [16], as the world has been witnessing for more than two decades many activities to reduce the problem of environmental pollution and its dangers, as some of these activities are represented In the implementation of environmental programs and the organization of scientific conferences and seminars, including programs implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, the International Labor Organization and the Arab Organization for Agricultural Development, where the proper use of agricultural pesticides is One of the successful ways to reduce risks.The use of modern agricultural technologies has an important role in developing the reality of the agricultural sector and improving the productivity of crops and agricultural products in general, as many studies and experiments conducted on agricultural crops have shown.The use of modern techniques and methods in production is that the investment is economically and technically feasible, as proof of technology is appropriate and feasible from an economic point of view [17], in addition to that it reduces environmental damage to various crops [18].The date palm has great economic importance, in addition to being one of the most important symbols of Iraqi civilization [19]. Therefore, agricultural extension is considered a system to facilitate farmers and their organizations' access to knowledge, information, and technologies, and their interaction with the relevant parties [20].…”

Requirements for Developing the Technical Capabilities of Agricultural Extension Service Providers to Face the Effects of Climate Change in Baghdad Province

“…As the effects expected to occur as a result of climate change are: an increase in the frequency of extreme climatic events, a rise in temperature, land degradation, disruption of ecosystems, loss of biodiversity, 1259 (2023) 012131 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1259/1/012131 2 and water receding [4] Studies indicate that climate changes are a direct result of an increase in the concentration of some gases in the atmosphere, which are known as greenhouse gases or greenhouse gases [5[ In particular, the three gases (nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide) are attributed to the careful emission of these gases from (deforestation, animal production, nutrients, and soil perpetuation( As the agricultural sectors produce (20-25%) of global emissions of greenhouse gases [6]. Because of these emissions of harmful gases resulting from human activities, and with the absence of strategies to mitigate the phenomenon of climate change, it is expected that the air temperature will rise by the end of the century, including It ranges between two degrees to 4.5 degrees, and this will directly affect agriculture and thus threaten food security [7] Given the importance of the agricultural sector, many organizations are interested in it Agriculture and rural population originated [8] Among the institutions that have the responsibility to confront the various effects of climate change that negatively affect agriculture is the Agricultural Extension Agency, which is considered an essential element in achieving sustainable agricultural development and food securit [9] As it seeks to advance the agricultural sector by developing the skills and knowledge of farmers [10], the fact that agricultural extension plays a role in strengthening the link between farmers and the technical agencies related to agriculture [11] It aims to transfer information, experiences, ideas and agricultural innovations and to simplify the results of agricultural research in general and those related to the field of climate change in particular through the activities and programs that it presents to farmers [12] Thus, it requires the agricultural extension service providers in the agricultural and extension organizations to choose the information provided by the research agencies accurately, which farmers benefit from, and which is reflected in the form of extension services provided to them.Thus, they need technical skills and capabilities to use this information, which is in the form of agricultural recommendations that are simplified and presented to farmers to meet the great challenges in the agricultural field [13] The great challenges at this stage impose on the extension apparatus the need to improve its services provided to farmers [14] where it is one of the most important developmental agencies participating in achieving sustainable development, preserving natural resources and improving their investment methods [15] and since the agricultural extension agent represents the main pillar of the success of the extension work in the extension organization by providing the agricultural extension service to the farmers [16] Therefore, it requi...…”