Role of the autonomic nervous system in emetic and cardiovascular responses in Suncus murinus

Uchino, Masahiro; Ishii, Kikujiro; Kuwahara, Masayoshi; Ebukuro, Susumu; Tsubone, Hirokazu

doi:10.1016/s1566-0702(02)00141-8

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The whole intestine was then removed and placed immediately in freshly prepared Krebs' solution (118 mM NaCl, 4.7 mM KCl, 1.2 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 1.2 mM MgSO 4 7H 2 O, 2.5 mM CaCl 2 2H 2 O, 25 mM NaHCO 3 , and 10 mM glucose) and gassed with 95 % O 2 and 5% CO 2 at room temperature. The ileum was identified (Uchino et al, 2002) and a 1 cm segment was removed and mounted longitudinally under 0.5 g tension in a 10 ml organ bath containing Krebs' solution and gassed with 95% O 2 and 5% CO 2 at 37°C. Only one isolated ileal section was used from each animal (Chan et al, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Activation by H1 Antihistamines Challenges Conventional View of Their Mechanism of Action in Motion Sickness: A Behavioral, c-Fos and Physiological Study in Suncus murinus (House Musk Shrew)

Dieser

et al. 2017

Front. Physiol.

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Motion sickness occurs under a variety of circumstances and is common in the general population. It is usually associated with changes in gastric motility, and hypothermia, which are argued to be surrogate markers for nausea; there are also reports that respiratory function is affected. As laboratory rodents are incapable of vomiting, Suncus murinus was used to model motion sickness and to investigate changes in gastric myoelectric activity (GMA) and temperature homeostasis using radiotelemetry, whilst also simultaneously investigating changes in respiratory function using whole body plethysmography. The anti-emetic potential of the highly selective histamine H1 receptor antagonists, mepyramine (brain penetrant), and cetirizine (non-brain penetrant), along with the muscarinic receptor antagonist, scopolamine, were investigated in the present study. On isolated ileal segments from Suncus murinus, both mepyramine and cetirizine non-competitively antagonized the contractile action of histamine with pKb values of 7.5 and 8.4, respectively; scopolamine competitively antagonized the contractile action of acetylcholine with pA2 of 9.5. In responding animals, motion (1 Hz, 4 cm horizontal displacement, 10 min) increased the percentage of the power of bradygastria, and decreased the percentage power of normogastria whilst also causing hypothermia. Animals also exhibited an increase in respiratory rate and a reduction in tidal volume. Mepyramine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and scopolamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), but not cetirizine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), significantly antagonized motion-induced emesis but did not reverse the motion-induced disruptions of GMA, or hypothermia, or effects on respiration. Burst analysis of plethysmographic-derived waveforms showed mepyramine also had increased the inter-retch+vomit frequency, and emetic episode duration. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that motion alone did not induce c-fos expression in the brain. Paradoxically, mepyramine increased c-fos in brain areas regulating emesis control, and caused hypothermia; it also appeared to cause sedation and reduced the dominant frequency of slow waves. In conclusion, motion-induced emesis was associated with a disruption of GMA, respiration, and hypothermia. Mepyramine was a more efficacious anti-emetic than cetirizine, suggesting an important role of centrally-located H1 receptors. The ability of mepyramine to elevate c-fos provides a new perspective on how H1 receptors are involved in mechanisms of emesis control.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Activation by H1 Antihistamines Challenges Conventional View of Their Mechanism of Action in Motion Sickness: A Behavioral, c-Fos and Physiological Study in Suncus murinus (House Musk Shrew)

Dieser

et al. 2017

Front. Physiol.

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“…Ebukuro et al [3] noted differences in veratrine sensitivity among musk shrews, and strains with high and low sensitivity have been maintained. In recent years, selected strains with such characteristics have been widely used in various experiments and toxic tests [14,15]. However, all these studies have used adult animals, and there are no data from young animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emetic Responses and Neural Activity in Young Musk Shrews during the Breast-Feeding/Weaning Period: Comparison between the High and Low Emetic Response Strains Using a Shaking Stimulus

et al. 2005

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“…The primary goal of this project was to assess the detailed physiological effects of GES on gastric distension‐induced emesis using an established emetic test system: an in vivo musk shrew preparation . We tested the effects of GES pulse duration (0.3, 1, 5, and 10 ms), current amplitude (0.5, 1, and 2 mA), pulse frequency (8, 15, 30, and 60 Hz), and electrode placement (antrum, body, and fundus).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Core temperature was monitored with a rectal probe and regulated to 37 °C using a controlled heating pad (CWE; Ardmore, PA, USA). A tracheal tube was installed to monitor intra‐tracheal airway pressure (CWE air pressure transducer), which was used to record respiration rate and the occurrence of emetic episodes, i.e., large, high‐frequency changes in thoracic pressure indicate retching . A right carotid artery catheter was used to monitor blood pressure using a fluid filled catheter (Kent Scientific; Torrington, CT, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] In addition, the musk shrew's gastrointestinal physiology is similar to humans with respect to motility responses and a functional motilin system, which is lacking in rodents. 26,27 In the current studies, we used a urethane-anesthetized musk shrew preparation in which physiological responses can be recorded in detail, [28][29][30] including emesis (by monitoring intra-tracheal pressure and esophageal contractions [31][32][33] ), respiration rate, heart rate variability, blood pressure, and gastrointestinal electromyograms. Gastric distention, with a balloon, was used as the emetic stimulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of electrical stimulation of the stomach on gastric distension‐induced emesis in the musk shrew

Horn

Zirpel

Sciullo

et al. 2016

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Background Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is implicated as a potential therapy for difficult-to-treat nausea and vomiting; however, there is a lack of insight into the mechanisms responsible for these effects. The current study tested the relationship between acute GES and emesis in musk shrews, an established emetic model system. Methods Urethane-anesthetized shrews were used to record emetic responses (monitoring intra-tracheal pressure and esophageal contractions), respiration rate, heart rate variability, blood pressure, and gastrointestinal electromyograms. We investigated the effects of acute GES pulse duration (0.3, 1, 5, and 10 ms), current amplitude (0.5, 1, and 2 mA), pulse frequency (8, 15, 30, and 60 Hz), and electrode placement (antrum, body, and fundus) on emesis induced by gastric stretch, using a balloon. Key results There were four outcomes: (1) GES did not modify the effects of gastric stretch-induced emesis; (2) GES produced emesis, depending on the stimulation parameters, but was less effective than gastric stretch; (3) other physiological changes were closely associated with emesis and could be related to a sub-threshold activation of the emetic system, including suppression of breathing and rise in blood pressure; and (4) a control experiment showed that 8-OH-DPAT, a reported 5-HT1A receptor agonist that acts centrally as an antiemetic, blocked gastric stretch-induced emesis. Conclusions & Inferences These results do not support an antiemetic effect of acute GES on gastric distension-induced emesis within the range of conditions tested, but further evaluation should focus on a broader range of emetic stimuli and GES stimulation parameters.

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Role of the autonomic nervous system in emetic and cardiovascular responses in Suncus murinus

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Brain Activation by H1 Antihistamines Challenges Conventional View of Their Mechanism of Action in Motion Sickness: A Behavioral, c-Fos and Physiological Study in Suncus murinus (House Musk Shrew)

Brain Activation by H1 Antihistamines Challenges Conventional View of Their Mechanism of Action in Motion Sickness: A Behavioral, c-Fos and Physiological Study in Suncus murinus (House Musk Shrew)

Emetic Responses and Neural Activity in Young Musk Shrews during the Breast-Feeding/Weaning Period: Comparison between the High and Low Emetic Response Strains Using a Shaking Stimulus

Impact of electrical stimulation of the stomach on gastric distension‐induced emesis in the musk shrew

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