Role of the cingulate gyrus during the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: a single photon emission computed tomography study in normal volunteers

Catafau, Ana M.; Parellada, Eduard; Lomeña, Francisco; Bernardo, Miquel; Setoaín, Javier; Catarineu, S; Pavı́a, Javier; Herranz, R

doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(98)00031-6

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The frontal lobe regions most often implicated in performance of the WCST are either more posterior or inferior than those we have identi®ed (e.g. Tien, Schlaper, Orr & Pearlson, 1998;Catefau, Parellada, Lomena, Bernardo, Setoain, Catarineu, Pavia & Herranz, 1998;Barcelo, Sanz, Molvia & Rubia, 1997). Similarly, the frontal regions implicated in verbal¯uency performance include Brodmann areas 6, 11, 44 and 46 of the left hemisphere (e.g.…”

Section: The Cognitive Components Of Multitaskingmentioning

confidence: 54%

Strategy application disorder: the role of the frontal lobes in human multitasking

Burgess

2000

Psychological Research

331

224

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Strategy application disorder is a term used to describe a pattern of deficits, usually associated with frontal lobe dysfunction, where people show disorganisation, absentmindedness and problems with planning and decision making in everyday life despite normal performance on traditional neuropsychological tests. It is argued that the prototypical situation which presents problems for these cases are those which require multitasking, and although good cases are rare in the literature, those that do exist show a characteristic neuropsychological pattern. Moreover, this pattern is confirmed in recent group studies of multitasking and of the relationship between multitasking tests (such as the Six Element Test), failures in everyday life and other neuropsychological measures. At present the evidence suggests that the potential frontal brain regions most implicated in multitasking are the anterior cingulate; B.A. 10 and immediately adjacent areas; and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with each making a unique contribution to different aspects of performance. Furthermore, recent studies show striking dissociations between performances on multitasking tests and two of the most commonly administered measures of executive function: the verbal fluency test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, which sets a minimum level for a fractionation of the executive syndrome in humans.

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Section: The Cognitive Components Of Multitaskingmentioning

confidence: 54%

Strategy application disorder: the role of the frontal lobes in human multitasking

Burgess

2000

Psychological Research

331

224

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“…However, these studies have reported inconsistent and discrepant results regarding the region of the activation in the PFC. SPECT studies have shown an increased regional cerebral blood fl ow in either the bilateral inferior and superior prefrontal regions [9] or predominantly in the left inferior cingulate and left posterior frontal regions [8] . fMRI studies have reported bilateral [7,12,13] or right lateralized frontal activation during the WCST [10,11] , although activated areas may be distinctive depending on different stages of the WCST [10,12,13] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of the Prefrontal Cortex during the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test as Measured by Multichannel Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Sumitani¹,

Tanaka²,

Tayoshi³

et al. 2006

Neuropsychobiology

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Background:The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a neuropsychological test to evaluate the function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, inconsistent results have been reported concerning whether this task activates the PFC symmetrically or asymmetrically. Objectives:To investigate the brain activation in the PFC during the WCST, we examined blood oxygenation changes of healthy subjects by using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Methods:Subjects were 32 healthy volunteers, 18 males and 14 females. The WCST was administered using a computerized version, and the hemodynamic changes of the PFC during the WCST were measured by a 24-channel NIRS system.Results:A bilateral increase in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) was observed in the PFC in 20 subjects during the WCST. However, 5 subjects showed predominant activation on the left side and 3 subjects one on the right side. No oxyHb change was observed in 4 subjects, although they had good performances in the WCST. Conclusions:These results directly confirmed that the PFC was activated during the WCST in vivo by using the optical technique and suggested that the distribution of the activation in the PFC is different among healthy individuals.

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“…Five additional studies not reported by Barcelo (2001) are reviewed here (Catefau et al, 1998;Haines et al, 1994;Rezai et al, 1993;Riehemann et al, 2001;Weinberger et al, 1986). The central question of this section is whether the frontal lobes are activated during WCST performance in healthy adult populations (see Table 3).…”

Section: Functional Neuroimaging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Function and the Frontal Lobes: A Meta-Analytic Review

2006

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Currently, there is debate among scholars regarding how to operationalize and measure executive functions. These functions generally are referred to as "supervisory" cognitive processes because they involve higher level organization and execution of complex thoughts and behavior. Although conceptualizations vary regarding what mental processes actually constitute the "executive function" construct, there has been a historical linkage of these "higher-level" processes with the frontal lobes. In fact, many investigators have used the term "frontal functions" synonymously with "executive functions" despite evidence that contradicts this synonymous usage. The current review provides a critical analysis of lesion and neuroimaging studies using three popular executive function measures (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Phonemic Verbal Fluency, and Stroop Color Word Interference Test) in order to examine the validity of the executive function construct in terms of its relation to activation and damage to the frontal lobes. Empirical lesion data are examined via meta-analysis procedures along with formula derivatives. Results reveal mixed evidence that does not support a one-to-one relationship between executive functions and frontal lobe activity. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of construing the validity of these neuropsychological tests in anatomical, rather than cognitive and behavioral, terms.

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Role of the cingulate gyrus during the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: a single photon emission computed tomography study in normal volunteers

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Strategy application disorder: the role of the frontal lobes in human multitasking

Strategy application disorder: the role of the frontal lobes in human multitasking

Activation of the Prefrontal Cortex during the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test as Measured by Multichannel Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Executive Function and the Frontal Lobes: A Meta-Analytic Review

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