Role of the circadian clock in the statistics of locomotor activity in Drosophila

Cascallares, Guadalupe; Riva, Sabrina; Franco, Diana; Risau-Gusmán, Sebastián; Gleiser, Pablo M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202505

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The first quantitative analysis of bouts (Penev et al, 1997) already proposed that rest bouts were of two types: short bouts within an activity bout or long bouts between activity bouts. More generally, rest bout lengths appear to follow a power-law (heavy-tailed) distribution in mice, humans and fruit flies (Nakamura et al, 2008;Cascallares et al, 2018) that breakdown under certain pathologies. The rest bout distribution in this study did not show power-law characteristics (not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Rest, Rather Than Activity, Underlies Day-Night Activity Differences in Mice

Ananthasubramaniam

Meijer

2020

Front. Physiol.

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The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which serves as the central pacemaker in mammals, regulates the 24-h rhythm in behavioral activity. However, it is currently unclear whether and how bouts of activity and rest are regulated within the 24-h cycle (i.e., over ultradian time scales). Therefore, we used passive infrared sensors to measure temporal behavior in mice housed under either a light-dark (LD) cycle or continuous darkness (DD). We found that a probabilistic Markov model captures the ultradian changes in the behavioral state over a 24-h cycle. In this model, the animal's behavioral state in the next time interval is determined solely by the animal's current behavioral state and by the "toss" of a proverbial "biased coin." We found that the bias of this "coin" is regulated by light input and by the phase of the clock. Moreover, the bias of this "coin" for an animal is related to the average length of rest and activity bouts in that animal. In LD conditions, the average length of rest bouts was greater during the day compared to during the night, whereas the average length of activity bouts was greater during the night compared to during the day. Importantly, we also found that day-night changes in the rest bout lengths were significantly greater than day-night changes in the activity bout lengths. Finally, in DD conditions, the activity and rest bouts also differed between subjective night and subjective day, albeit to a lesser extent compared to LD conditions. The ultradian regulation represented by the model does not result in ultradian rhythms, although some weak ultradian rhythms are present in the data. The persistent differences in bout length over the circadian cycle following loss of the external LD cycle indicate that the central pacemaker plays a role in regulating rest and activity bouts on an ultradian time scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Rest, Rather Than Activity, Underlies Day-Night Activity Differences in Mice

Ananthasubramaniam

Meijer

2020

Front. Physiol.

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“…2B.I) might be due to larval intrinsic activity rhythms. Adult flies anticipate the light-dark transition phases through their biological clock and increase their activity according to this anticipation 10 . It appears possible that the same activity rhythm pattern might also be true for larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian and Genetic Modulation of Visually-Guided Navigation in Drosophila Larvae

Asirim

Humberg

Maier

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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organisms possess an endogenous molecular clock which enables them to adapt to environmental rhythms and to synchronize their metabolism and behavior accordingly. circadian rhythms govern daily oscillations in numerous physiological processes, and the underlying molecular components have been extensively described from fruit flies to mammals. Drosophila larvae have relatively simple nervous system compared to their adult counterparts, yet they both share a homologous molecular clock with mammals, governed by interlocking transcriptional feedback loops with highly conserved constituents. Larvae exhibit a robust light avoidance behavior, presumably enabling them to avoid predators and desiccation, and DnA-damage by exposure to ultraviolet light, hence are crucial for survival. circadian rhythm has been shown to alter light-dark preference, however it remains unclear how distinct behavioral strategies are modulated by circadian time. to address this question, we investigate the larval visual navigation at different time-points of the day employing a computer-based tracking system, which allows detailed evaluation of distinct navigation strategies. our results show that due to circadian modulation specific to light information processing, larvae avoid light most efficiently at dawn, and a functioning clock mechanism at both molecular and neuro-signaling level is necessary to conduct this modulation. Circadian rhythms are ≅ 24 h oscillations displayed by various organisms 1-4 , maintained by an endogenous timekeeping mechanism that can be entrained to the environment by external cues called 'zeitgebers' (German for "time-givers") such as light, temperature and even social interactions in mammals 5-7. Through entrainment, organisms anticipate and importantly, adapt to daily environmental oscillations 8,9 in order to regulate physiological phenomena and behaviors associated with locomotion, sleep patterns, hormone release and body temperature among others 10-15. In the absence of entraining stimuli, circadian rhythmicity is self-sustained in a "free-running" state 2,16. Molecular components responsible for the organismal ability to sustain rhythmicity have been extensively characterized and the pacemaker mechanisms display conserved patterns between fruit flies and humans 17,18. Given that many metabolic processes are highly correlated with circadian clocks, the disruption of circadian rhythms may lead to abnormal behavioral rhythms, altered mood, depression, sleep disorders in humans 19-23 and it has been reported to impact type 2 diabetes and cancer 24-26. Likewise, the ability to properly synchronize endogenous clocks with circadian time was shown to positively impact fitness in fruit flies and various other organisms 27-29. The molecular clock mechanism in Drosophila is composed of interlocking transcriptional feedback loops 30 presenting homologous components with the molecular circadian mechanism in mammals 18. In one loop, CLOCK (CLK) and CYCLE (CYC) proteins heterodimerize (CLCK/CYC) in the cytoplasm and translo...

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“…Alternatively, a powdered sugar yeast food source could be provided in place of the agar and may reduce the risk of contamination. The locomotor activity method has been used successfully with other groups of insects including the study of the circadian rhythms of Drosophila (Diptera; Chiu et al ., ; Cascallares et al ., ), the response of irradiated and nonirradiated light brown apple moth to pheromone and temperature stimuli ( Epiphyas postvittana , Lepidoptera; Brown et al ., ), and may be a useful tool for future probiotic studies with adult tephritids in SIT programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild bacterial probiotics fed to larvae of mass‐reared Queensland fruit fly [Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt)] do not impact long‐term survival, mate selection, or locomotor activity

et al. 2019

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Queensland fruit fly [Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), Diptera, Tephritidae] is the most devastating insect pest impacting Australian horticulture. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is an important component of tephritid pest management programs. However, mass-rearing and irradiation (to render insects sterile) may reduce the fitness and performance of the insect, including the ability of sterile males to successfully compete for wild females. Manipulation of the gut microbiome, including the supplementation with bacterial probiotics shows promise for enhancing the quality of mass-reared sterile flies, however there are fewer published studies targeting the larval stage. In this study, we supplemented the larval stage of mass-reared B. tryoni with bacterial probiotics. We tested several individual bacteria that had been previously isolated and characterized from the gut of wild B. tryoni larvae including Asaia sp., Enterobacter sp., Lactobacillus sp., Leuconostoc sp. We also tested a consortium of all four of these bacterial isolates. The fitness parameters tested included adult survival in field cages, laboratory mate selection of bacteria supplemented males by bacteria nonsupplemented females, and laboratory locomotor activity of adult flies. None of the bacterial probiotic treatments in the current study was significantly different to the control for field survival, mate selection or locomotor activity of adult B. tryoni, which agree with some of the other studies regarding bacterial probiotics fed to the larval stage of tephritids. Future work is needed to determine if feeding the same, and/or other probiotics to adults, as opposed to larvae can positively impact survival, mating performance, mating competitiveness and locomotor activity of B. tryoni. The bacterial group(s) and function of bacterial species that increase fitness and competitiveness is also of interest to tephritid mass-rearing programs.

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Role of the circadian clock in the statistics of locomotor activity in Drosophila

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Regulation of Rest, Rather Than Activity, Underlies Day-Night Activity Differences in Mice

Regulation of Rest, Rather Than Activity, Underlies Day-Night Activity Differences in Mice

Circadian and Genetic Modulation of Visually-Guided Navigation in Drosophila Larvae

Wild bacterial probiotics fed to larvae of mass‐reared Queensland fruit fly [Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt)] do not impact long‐term survival, mate selection, or locomotor activity

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