Role of the Dopaminergic System in the Striatum and Its Association With Functional Recovery or Rehabilitation After Brain Injury

Abstract

Disabilities are estimated to occur in approximately 2% of survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) worldwide, and disability may persist even decades after brain injury. Facilitation or modulation of functional recovery is an important goal of rehabilitation in all patients who survive severe TBI. However, this recovery tends to vary among patients because it is affected by the biological and physical characteristics of the patients; the types, doses, and application regimens of the drugs used; and clinical indications. In clinical practice, diverse dopaminergic drugs with various dosing and application procedures are used for TBI. Previous studies have shown that dopamine (DA) neurotransmission is disrupted following moderate to severe TBI and have reported beneficial effects of drugs that affect the dopaminergic system. However, the mechanisms of action of dopaminergic drugs have not been completely clarified, partly because dopaminergic receptor activation can lead to restoration of the pathway of the corticobasal ganglia after injury in brain structures with high densities of these receptors. This review aims to provide an overview of the functionality of the dopaminergic system in the striatum and its roles in functional recovery or rehabilitation after TBI.

Simultaneous Mapping of Amino Neurotransmitters and Nucleoside Neuromodulators on Brain Tissue Sections by On-Tissue Chemoselective Derivatization and MALDI-MSI

“…Derivatized DA (DA-[Py1] + m / z 258.37) was predominantly detected in the striatal region of coronal and sagittal mouse brain sections as this area has a high population of dopaminergic neuronal innervation from the substantia nigra (Figure , C5 and D5). This was in agreement with the distribution of the DA receptor as previously reported . The catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolite of DA, 3-MT (3-MT-[Py1] + , m / z 272.61) displayed in the striatal region similar to their precursor DA (Figure , C6 and D6).…”

“…This was in agreement with the distribution of the DA receptor as previously reported. 16 The catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolite of DA, 3-MT (3-MT-[Py1] + , m/z 272.61) displayed in the striatal region similar to their precursor DA (Figure 1, C6 and D6). In addition to the above amino NTs, the Py1-derivatized glutamate, phenylalanine, citrulline, tyrosine, taurine, homocysteine, methylamine, ethylamine, ethanolamine, glycine, histamine, phosphorylethanolamine, and other unknown compounds containing amino is illustrated in Figures 1, S8, and S9 and Table S3.…”

“…This was in agreement with the distribution of the DA receptor as previously reported. 16 The catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolite of DA, 3-MT (3-MT-[Py1] + , m/z 272.61) displayed in the striatal region similar to their precursor DA (Figure 1 above amino NTs, the Py1-derivatized glutamate, phenylalanine, citrulline, tyrosine, taurine, homocysteine, methylamine, ethylamine, ethanolamine, glycine, histamine, phosphorylethanolamine, and other unknown compounds containing amino is illustrated in Figures 1, S8, and S9 and Table S3. Ions from adenosine-[Pi1-BBA] + (m/z 487.22), inosine-[Pi1-BBA] + (m/z 488.35), and guanosine-[Pi1-BBA] + (m/z 503.32) were predominantly detected in the striatal region of coronal and sagittal brain sections, whereas uridine-[Pi1-BBA] + (m/z 465.17) was detected in white matter (WM) (Figure 1, E1 and F1, E2 and F2, E3 and F3, E4 and F4).…”

A versatile method to archive and delipidate brain tissues for ensuing multiplexed immunolabeling and organ-level imaging

“…We then used a mouse model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) to compare the quantification results of MOCAT-processed and SDS-delipidated mouse brains. Studies have reported that TBI disrupts dopamine neurotransmission, reduces dopamine levels, and causes cell loss in the nigrostriatal system 26,27 . Therefore, we use TH antibodies to label the dopaminergic system (Fig.…”

Revealing intact neuronal circuitry in centimeter-sized formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain

“…We then used a mouse model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) to compare the quantification results of MOCAT-processed and SDS-delipidated mouse brains. Studies have reported that TBI disrupts dopamine neurotransmission, reduces dopamine levels, and causes cell loss in the nigrostriatal system 35,36 . Therefore, we use TH antibodies to label the dopaminergic system (Fig.…”