Role of the gut microbiota in airway immunity and host defense against respiratory infections

Willers, Maike; Viemann, Dorothee

doi:10.1515/hsz-2021-0281

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“… 13 At the same time, gut microbiota is also thought to be a contributing factor in virus clearance. 14 , 15 In contrast, the gut microbiota dysbiosis reduces antiviral immune responses and aggravated respiratory diseases. 16 Consumption of antibiotic‐sensitive gut microbes could augment the susceptibility to pulmonary allergic inflammation and influenza virus infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gut microbiota provides various biological functions for the host, including promoting immune system homeostasis, metabolizing nutrients, and maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier 13 . At the same time, gut microbiota is also thought to be a contributing factor in virus clearance 14,15 . In contrast, the gut microbiota dysbiosis reduces antiviral immune responses and aggravated respiratory diseases 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS‐CoV‐2 triggered oxidative stress and abnormal energy metabolism in gut microbiota

Zhou

Zeng

et al. 2022

MedComm

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Specific roles of gut microbes in COVID‐19 progression are critical. However, the circumstantial mechanism remains elusive. In this study, shotgun metagenomic or metatranscriptomic sequencing was performed on fecal samples collected from 13 COVID‐19 patients and controls. We analyzed the structure of gut microbiota, identified the characteristic bacteria, and selected biomarkers. Further, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations were employed to correlate the taxon alterations and corresponding functions. The gut microbiota of COVID‐19 patients was characterized by the enrichment of opportunistic pathogens and depletion of commensals. The abundance of Bacteroides spp. displayed an inverse relationship with COVID‐19 severity, whereas Actinomyces oris , Escherichia coli , and Streptococcus parasanguini were positively correlated with disease severity. The genes encoding oxidoreductase were significantly enriched in gut microbiome of COVID‐19 group. KEGG annotation indicated that the expression of ABC transporter was upregulated, while the synthesis pathway of butyrate was aberrantly reduced. Furthermore, increased metabolism of lipopolysaccharide, polyketide sugar, sphingolipids, and neutral amino acids were found. These results suggested the gut microbiome of COVID‐19 patients was in a state of oxidative stress. Healthy gut microbiota may enhance antiviral defenses via butyrate metabolism, whereas the accumulation of opportunistic and inflammatory bacteria may exacerbate COVID‐19 progression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS‐CoV‐2 triggered oxidative stress and abnormal energy metabolism in gut microbiota

Zhou

Zeng

et al. 2022

MedComm

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“…[ 7 • ] for references), but there is also evidence that they reduce the incidence of respiratory infections and promote a better outcome, particularly in children [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ]. This effect is likely due to the so-called gut-lung axis [ 70 • ], whereby altered gut microbiota affects cells that are part of the gut-associated immune system and these cells move to the lung-associated immune system to elicit beneficial actions.…”

Section: The Importance Of the Gut Microbiota To The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foods to deliver immune-supporting nutrients

Calder

2022

Current Opinion in Food Science

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“…Perinatal microbiome alterations have been investigated in relation to the development of chronic and developmental lung diseases such as asthma and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (Tirone et al, 2019;Ashley et al, 2020;Casado and Morty, 2020;Cereta et al, 2021). Most studies focus on the microbiome impact on the developing immune system and resistance to pathogens (Herbst et al, 2011;Willers and Viemann, 2021). Only few studies have investigated perinatal microbiome influence on lung development, physiology, function and structure (Yun et al, 2014;Decrue et al, 2020;Schlosser-Brandenburg et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of bacterial exposure in early life on lung surfactant gene expression, function and respiratory rate in germ-free mice

Barfod

Lui²,

Hansen³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiomes

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Early-life changes to lung and gut microbiota have been linked to alterations in immune responses that may lead to pulmonary diseases later in life. Associations between early-life microbiota, germ-free status, lung gene expression, lung development and function are not well described. In this study, we compare early-life lung gene transcription under germ-free and different perinatal microbial exposures, and analyze with a predetermined focus on lung capacity and lung surfactant. We also analyze the later-in-life physiological measures of breathing patterns and lung surfactant function between the germ-free, gnotophoric and gnotobiotic offspring. To achieve this, we kept pregnant BALB/c germ-free mice in separate germ-free isolators until exposure to either A: no exposure (GF), B: Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis (BI04) or C: full cecum content harvested from other female SPF mice (Cecum). Subsequently, perinatally exposed offspring were used for the analyses. Lung tissue transcriptomics analysis was done at postnatal day 10 (PNday10) at the first phase of lung alveolar development. Head-out plethysmography for breathing pattern analysis was performed on the siblings at PNday23 followed by lung surfactant collection. The function of the collected lung surfactant was then analyzed ex vivo using the constrained drop surfactometer. Our results show that lung transcriptomics had differentially expressed genes related to surfactant turnover between groups and sex at PNday10. They also show that the GF and BI04 animals had lower respiratory rate than Cecum mice, or compared to age-matched specific pathogen-free (SPF) reference animals. We also see changes in lung surfactant function ex vivo. The overall conclusions are that 10-day-old GF mice do not have a markedly different lung gene transcription compared to gnotophoric or gnotobiotic mice, but genes related to surfactant metabolism are among the few differentially expressed genes. We show here for the first time that early-life microbiome status correlates with early-life surfactant-gene transcription and to later-in-life lung surfactant function and associated respiratory-rate changes in mice.

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Role of the gut microbiota in airway immunity and host defense against respiratory infections

Cited by 9 publications

References 114 publications

SARS‐CoV‐2 triggered oxidative stress and abnormal energy metabolism in gut microbiota

SARS‐CoV‐2 triggered oxidative stress and abnormal energy metabolism in gut microbiota

Foods to deliver immune-supporting nutrients

The impact of bacterial exposure in early life on lung surfactant gene expression, function and respiratory rate in germ-free mice

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