Role of the Gut Microbiota in Regulating Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children and Adolescents

Tokuhara, Daisuke

doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.700058

Cited by 53 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of NAFLD is still evolving [ 30 ]. Changes in gut-liver homeostases, such as breakdown of the gut barrier, portal transfer of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) to the liver, changed bile acid profiles, and lower concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, all contribute to the development of NAFLD [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rural-Urban differentials in prevalence, spectrum and determinants of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in North Indian population

et al. 2022

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Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of disease ranging from simple steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), through to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. We assessed the prevalence, spectrum, and determinants of NAFLD among adults in urban and rural North India. Methods A representative sample of adults aged 30–60 years were recruited from urban Delhi and rural Ballabhgarh during 2017–2019. Participants underwent abdominal ultrasonography (USG) and vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) with FibroScan to assess fatty liver and fibrosis, respectively. We estimated the age- and sex-standardised prevalence of NAFLD and its spectrum. The factors associated with ‘ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD’ were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 828 urban (mean ± SD age: 45.5 ± 8.0 years; women: 52.7%) and 832 rural (mean ± SD age: 45.1 ± 7.9 years; women: 62.4%) participants were recruited. The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD was 65.7% (95%CI: 60.3–71.2) in the urban and 61.1% (55.8–66.5) in the rural areas, respectively. The prevalence of NAFLD with elevated alanine transaminase (≥40IU/L) was 23.2% (19.8–26.6), and 22.5% (19.0–26.0) and any fibrosis by liver stiffness measurement on transient elastography (≥6.9 kPa) was 16.5% (13.8–19.8) and 5.2% (3.8–6.7) in urban and rural participants, respectively. In both urban and rural areas, diabetes, central obesity and insulin resistance were significantly associated with NAFLD. Conclusion NAFLD prevalence was high among rural and urban North Indian adults, including fibrosis or raised hepatic enzymes. The strong association of metabolic determinants confirms its linkage with metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(lipopolysaccharide) to the liver, changed bile acid profiles, and lower concentrations of shortchain fatty acids, all contribute to the development of NAFLD [31].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Rural-Urban differentials in prevalence, spectrum and determinants of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in North Indian population

et al. 2022

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“…Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been found in liver diseases with distinct etiologies, including acute liver injury, viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcohol-related liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) (11,12). (Table 1) Diverse liver diseases undergo a similar pathophysiological process, in which the damaged liver needs repair and gut microbiota may play an important role.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Liver Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut-Liver Axis in Health and Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Signals in Liver Injury and Regeneration

Zheng

Wang

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Diverse liver diseases undergo a similar pathophysiological process in which liver regeneration follows a liver injury. Given the important role of the gut-liver axis in health and diseases, the role of gut microbiota-derived signals in liver injury and regeneration has attracted much attention. It has been observed that the composition of gut microbiota dynamically changes in the process of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, and gut microbiota modulation by antibiotics or probiotics affects both liver injury and regeneration. Mechanically, through the portal vein, the liver is constantly exposed to gut microbial components and metabolites, which have immense effects on the immunity and metabolism of the host. Emerging data demonstrate that gut-derived lipopolysaccharide, gut microbiota-associated bile acids, and other bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites, may play multifaceted roles in liver injury and regeneration. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the possible molecular mechanisms by which gut microbiota-derived signals modulate liver injury and regeneration, highlighting the potential roles of gut microbiota in the development of gut microbiota-based therapies to alleviate liver injury and promote liver regeneration.

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“…According to the latest research by Daisuke Tokuhara [37], the intestinal microbiota is a key player in the development and regulation of the gut mucosal immune system. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota promotes the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, including disruption of the gut barrier, portal transport of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) to the liver, altered bile acid profiles, and decreased concentrations of short-chain fatty acids.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of probiotic adjuvant therapy for irritable bowel syndrome in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Zou

Chen

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Objective Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects children’s quality of life and learning. The purpose of this research was to systematically evaluate the efficacy of probiotic adjuvant therapy for IBS in children. Methods The Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Clinical Trials databases were electronically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published prior to January 2021 exploring the use of probiotic adjuvant therapy for IBS in children. Strict screening and quality evaluations of the eligible articles were performed independently by 2 researchers. Outcome indexes were extracted, and a meta-analysis of the data was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 and STATA 16 software. Finally, the risk of bias in the included studies was assessed with the RCT bias risk assessment tool recommended in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (5.1.0). Results A total of nine RCTs were included. In children, probiotics significantly reduced the abdominal pain score (I2 = 95%, SMD = -1.15, 95% (-2.05, -0.24), P = 0.01) and Subject’s Global Assessment of Relief (SGARC) score (I2 = 95%, MD = -3.84, 95% (-6.49, -1.20), P = 0.004), increased the rate of abdominal pain treatment success (I2 = 0%, RR = 3.44, 95% (1.73, 6.87), P = 0.0005) and abdominal pain relief (I2 = 40%, RR = 1.48, 95% (0.96, 2.28), P = 0.08), and reduced the frequency of abdominal pain (I2 = 2%, MD = -0.82, 95% (-1.57, -0.07), P = 0.03). However, we found that it might not be possible to relieve abdominal pain by increasing the daily intake of probiotics. Conclusions Probiotics are effective at treating abdominal pain caused by IBS in children, however, there was no significant correlation between abdominal pain and the amount of probiotics ingested. More attention should be given to IBS in children, and a standardized evaluation should be adopted.

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Role of the Gut Microbiota in Regulating Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 53 publications

References 170 publications

Rural-Urban differentials in prevalence, spectrum and determinants of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in North Indian population

Rural-Urban differentials in prevalence, spectrum and determinants of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in North Indian population

The Gut-Liver Axis in Health and Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Signals in Liver Injury and Regeneration

Efficacy of probiotic adjuvant therapy for irritable bowel syndrome in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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